History of the Modern Middle East Cleveland/Bunton Chapter 13 terms

Jews that wanted to return to their homeland (Israel) and make it their independent homeland

A group of Jewish people proposed a return to the ancient Jewish land of Palestine.

These groups were small and some did now know the existence of others.

booklet by Leo Pinsker, argued that the only way for Jews to escape the deeply-embedded anti-Semitism of European society was to form a secular Jewish state

Austrian journalist and Zionist; formed World Zionist Organization in 1897; promoted Jewish migration to Palestine and formation of a Jewish state; wrote "The Jewish State"

1897, organized by theodore herzl, adopt national flag (basel), anthem, and raise money to make zionism a reality

A 1917 statement by British foreign secretary Arthur Balfour that supported the idea of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Israeli statesman who persuaded the United States to recognize the new state of Israel and became its first president

Awarded Britain the mandate for Palestine after it had been under international control.

A proposal from High Commissioner Samuel that called for the creation of a legislative council composed of elected Muslim, Christian, and Jewish representatives. Ot was rejected by Arab leaders

Arab Executive created, but the British wouldn't recognize it

Al-Husayni, Mufti of Jerusalem. Served in Ottoman army and government.

Preached against jews, his speeches promoted violence against jews around 1936.

A quasi-government of the Jewish Community in Palestine that managed banking systems, health care, and immigration settlement

make jobs for people who are immigrating and protect in every way during british mandate.

Responsible for the victories of 1948 Arab-Israeli War, dominant political party in Israel from 1949 till 1968. First led by Ben Gurion, later by Levi Eshkol. Merged with a few other parties when support dropped to become a part of the Israeli Labor Party.

Very socialist.

founder and leader of the Zionist Revisionist movement, which thought Weizmann was acting too slowly and called for a massive Jewish immigration into Palestine and the immediate proclamation of a Jewish commonwealth. Claimed historic Palestine included Transjoran

immigration of Jews to Israel

a fund that was founded in 1901 to buy and develop land in Ottoman Palestine (later Israel) for Jewish settlement.

Jewish holy site in Jerusalem that is the only remaining portion of Solomon's temple

Asked to investigate violence near the wailing wall; British Government did not listen to his investigation

after the Wailing Wall Incident and Shaw/Hope-Simpson Commissions; restricted Jewish immigration to and land purchases in Palestine; rejected

Zionist military force engaged in violent resistance to British presence in Palestine in the 1940s.

formed in 1936 in response to a general Arab strike that was to continue until Britain granted the Arabs' demands for restrictions on immigration/land sales and the establishment of a democratic government. This Committee was a belated attempt to unify the factions within the Palestinian elite (Christians, Muslims, Nashashibis, al-Husseins, Istiqlal). It attempted to organize and coordinate the strike but didn't really do much.

was a British Royal Commission of Inquiry set out to propose changes to the British Mandate of Palestine following the outbreak of the 1936-1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. Concluded that Arab/Jew interests were irreconcilable in Palestine. Divided Palestine

headgear of the Ottoman administrative elite; banned by Local resistance committees

Checkered head cloth that became a symbol of Palestinian national identity

the body of Jewish residents in Palestine, before the establishment of the State of Israel

Jewish terrorist group committed to driving the British out of Palestine

investigated conditions in palestine, suggested the termination of the British mandate and granting the independence of Palestine

Palestinian village near Jerusalem that had claimed neutrality but was massacred by Zionist militant groups

He was the first prime minister who on May 14th declared the Jewish state of Israel.

formulated by haganah leaders in 1948 as a military program for the defense of new jewish state, but it later was used as a systematic clearing of arabs "ethnic cleansing"