Muckrakers
journalists who began to direct public attention toward social, economic, and political injustices. They were committed to exposing scandal, corruption, and injustice to public view.
Ida Tarbell
exposed tactics of Rockefeller->attacked Standard Oil.

Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities, exposure of machine government and boss rule. Helped arouse sentiment for urban political reform.
Social Gospel
advocates of social justice->egalitarian society and support for poor and oppressed people. Helping society ex. Salvation Army
Jacob Riis
nothing produced more distress than crowded immigrant neighborhoods->exposed through photographs and descriptions
Settlement House
a center in an underprivileged area that provides community services
Hull House
most famous settlement house, opened in Chicago as a result of the efforts of Jane Addams->sought to help immigrant families adapt to the language and customs of their new country
Jane Addams
social worker that opened the Hull House
Thorstein Veblen
social scientist; proposed a new economic system in which power would reside in the hands of highly trained engineers; only they could fully understand the "machine process" by which modern society must be governed.
Frances Willard
prominent female reformer of the temperance movement.

Single->"Boston marriages"

Carrie Chapman Catt
American women's suffrage leader. Served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association.
National American Woman Suffrage Association
Catt was the president. Justified suffrage in "safer", less threatening ways. Because women occupied a distinct sphere--they had special experiences and special sensitivities to bring to public life--woman suffrage could make an important contribution to politics.

19th Amendment
guaranteed political rights to women throughout the nation
Alice Paul
head of the National Woman's Party. She argued that the 19th Amendment alone would not be sufficient to protect women's rights.
National Women's Party
founded in 1916. Alice Paul was the head of it.
Secret Ballot
printed by the gov. and distributed at the polls to be filled out and deposited in secret.

Initiative, Referendum, and Recall
The initiative allowed reformers to directly submit new legislation directly to voters. The referendum provided a method by which actions of the legislature could be returned to the electorate for approval. The recall gave voters the right to remove a public official from office.
Direct Primary
an attempt to take the selection of candidates away from the bosses and give it to the people
Robert La Follette
an American Republican.

Ran for president as the nominee of the Progressive Party->1924

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
in NYC in 1911, was one of the deadliest industrial disasters. The result was a number of reform movements.
WEB du Bois
co-founder of NAACP. Though African Americans should receive an education to earn their rights.
NAACP
(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People).

Civil rights organization formed in 1909. Co-founded by WEB du Bois.

WCTU
(Woman's Christian Temperance Union). First mass organization among women devoted to social reform ->limits on alcohol sales
18th Amendment
prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the U.S.
Florence Kelley
reformer->minimum wage, 8-hour workdays.

National Consumer's League. NAACP.

Industrial Workers of the World
industrial union->1905. The "Wobblies".

All workers should be united as a social class and that capitalism and wage labor should be abolished .

Big Bill Haywood
founding member and leader of IWW and member of the Socialist Party of America
Louis Brandeis
associate justice on the Supreme Court; Progressive. First Jew on Supreme Court.
Herbert Croly
leader of the progressive movement. Co-founder of the magazine "The New Republic"
Northern Securities Case
company was sued under the Sherman Antitrust Act by Roosevelt, one of the first anti-trust cases filed against corporate interests instead of labor
Square Deal
Roosevelt->3C's-control of the corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources
Hepburn Act
gave the ICC the power to set max.

railroad rates.

Pure Food and Drug Act
a series of consumer protection laws->Food and Drug Administration
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle, exposed the horrors of the meat-packing industry. Showed the difficult life of the immigrants.
The Jungle
written by Sinclair.

Exposed horrors of meat-packing industry. Read by Roosevelt.

Gifford Pinchot
head of forestry department. Ballinger-Pinchot Dispute.

Taft dismisses him.

Newlands Reclamation Act
a U.S. federal law that funded irrigation projects for arid lands in the west.
John Muir
American naturalist and advocate of preservation of wilderness in the U.

S.

Hetch Hetchy Valley
residents of San Fran wanted to use the territory for water. Muir didn't want it. Construction began after World War I.

Panic of 1907
Bankers' panic. New York Stock Exchange fell almost 50%. J.P. Morgan bailed the government out.

William H. Taft
1909-1913; Dollar Diplomacy, trust buster, Payne Aldrich Tariff, US Steel merger with TN Coal and Iron, Forest Reserve, Mann Elkins Act, 16th and 17th Amendments.
Tennessee Coal and Iron
major steel manufacturer with interests in coal and iron ore mining and railroad operations.
Payne Aldrich Tariff
barely reduced tariff rates
Richard Ballinger
Ballinger-Pinchot dispute.

Wanted to open up land for mining-wasn't illegal.

New Nationalism
Roosevelt's Progressive political philosophy during the 1912 election
Progressive "Bull Moose" Party
1912 by Roosevelt. After a split in the Republican party between him and Taft.
Woodrow Wilson
was the Democratic party nomination and presented New Freedom
New Freedom
"triple wall of privilege"-trusts, tariffs, and THE bank; stronger anti-trust legislation. Banking reform, tariff on reductions, "man on the make"
Underwood Simmons Tariff
re-imposed the federal income tax and lowered basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%->Wilson
16th Amendment
graduated income tax->based on income
Federal Reserve Act
created 12 regional banks, each to be owned and controlled by the individual banks of its district.

Clayton Anti-trust Act
stronger version of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Made to show an advancement in trying to end trusts.
Federal Trade Commission
a regulatory agency that would help businesses determine in advance whether their actions would be acceptable to the gov.->unfair trade practices.
Keating Owen Act
prohibited shipment across state lines of goods produced by underage children
Anthracite Coal Strike
strike by the mine workers.

Roosevelt came to the support of the strikers. The strikers received higher pay and fewer hours.

17th Amendment
direct election of senators as opposed to them being appointed.
Wilson Segregates Federal Employees
supported Jim Crow Laws, incredibly racist.
Elkins Act
amended the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.

It authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates an upon the shippers that accepted them.