History 1301 Exam 2

Patriot who made a ride to warn colonists of British arrival

Beginning of the American Revolution April 1775 "The Shot Heard Around the World"

Served as the gov't for 6 years May 1775 Formed an Army with Washington as Commander

Colonists expressed regret for what happened and claimed to be loyal citizens of England King refused and declared the colonies to be in rebellion

Took place near Boston British won because the colonists ran out of ammunition

Pamphlet "Common Sense" Argued that all problems were the King's fault

"Father of the Declaration of Independence" majority of the wording

July 4, 1776

German mercenary soldiers

Englishmen in the colonies representing the King

Patriots who favored independence and the new government

French foreign minister that hinted at French aid early on and later initiated 2 important treaties

Set up a fake trading company that secretly provided arms to the U.S. that were paid for by the king of France

Washington defeated a large force of Hessians and moved on to capture Princeton a few days later

General Horatio Gates (American) planned attack on Johnny Burgoyne as he journeyed South with a huge entourage

American officer in command at Battle of Saratoga

British officer in command at Battle of Saratoga Brought women and children along

France recognized the U.S. as independent and offered trade

France officially became a partner with the U.S. in the war

About 2,500 of Washington's men died in the winter of 1777/78 because of cold, hunger, and disease

Delivered a British plan for conciliation designed to block the French alliance Rejected by U.S. Congress

French general who brought troops to help the colonies win the war

American victory ended fighting in America French navy blocked the harbor at Yorktown so the British could not send ships to rescue their troops Washington and French troops had British cornered

Thought he should have been given credit at Saratoga Conspired against colonies to hand over West Point Plan was discovered but he escaped

Ended American Revolution Britain recognized U.S. independence

Written by Thomas Jefferson Said that no man was required to support any religion

Land must be inherited by the oldest son

All land must be inherited in one piece by one person

Oldest written state constitution still in effect

First state to include of Bill of Rights Model for other states

Main author or Virginia Bill of Rights "Father of the Bill of Rights" "Grandfather of U.S. Bill of Rights"

Artist to first display unique American art

Simplified spellings of British words

"The Wealth of Nations" caused the founding fathers to adopt capitalism Father of Capitalism

The first constitution for the U.S. Approved by the 2nd Continental Congress in November 1777 Ratified in November 1781 Created "a firm league of friendship" Emphasis on states' rights

Washington had delegates from Maryland and Virginia come to his house to settle argument over trade on the Potomac River

5 states attended to discuss issues over trade Congress was asked to call another convention

1787 12 colonies send delegates to revise the Articles of Confederation Delegates agree the U.S. needs a new Constitution

Farmers in western Massachusetts rebelled because of high taxes and bad state government Took over court houses to prevent foreclosure on farms

1787 Delegates sent to write a new Constitution George Washington as presiding officer James Madison as principal author (Same as Philadelphia Convention)

"Father of the Constitution"

National executive National court system Two house legislature Upper house chosen by lower Lower house chosen by popular election with the number of state representatives based on population

Plural executive Supreme Court One vote for each state

Settled the issue of representation in congress Bicameral Congress House of Reps based on population Senate with 2 senators from each state

Each slave was counted as 2/5 of a person for taxation and representation

Congress could not stop the importation of slaves for at least 20 years and could not tax exports

Federal type of government-powers divided between national and state governments Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches-President, Congress, and Supreme Court Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Implemented when 9 states had ratified

Approved the new Constitution and the Federal government

Opposed the new Constitution and the Federal government

85 essays published in the newspapers of New York to convince the colonists to ratify the Constitution Written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison

Passed by Articles of Confederation Congress Organized the Northwest Territory Outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory Set rules for how territories could become states

Added to the Constitution in 1791

Pomp and Ceremony Prestigious Cabinet: Thomas Jefferson-Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton-Secretary of the Treasury Executive Independence Commander-in-Chief

Farmers in western Pennsylvania rebelled because of a tax on whiskey Washington called the army to put down the rebellion but farmer's gave in

1794 U.S. granted England most-favored-nation-status and received little in return

1795 Spain gave the U.S. the right to use the Mississippi River and deposit goods at New Orleans

Washington published speech at end of office in Philadelphia newspaper warning against political parties and entangling alliances

1st Secretary of the Treasury Economic Policy: Report on Public Credit 1790 Report on Manufacturing 1791

Controversy over creation led to creation of Federalist and Republican parties

Federalist John Adams wins President Republican Thomas Jefferson becomes Vice President

U.S. sent 3 representatives to France to get them to stop plundering American ships French demanded bribes before even discussing

Limited freedom of speech, press, and liberty of aliens

These states declared Alien and Sedition acts unconstitutional

Thomas Jefferson runs again and this time defeats Adams Aaron Burr runs as the Republican Party's vice presidential candidate Jefferson and Burr tie The House of Representatives decides Federalist Era ends

Separate ballots to be cast for president and vice president 1804

Burr runs for governor of NY Hamilton campaigns against him causing Burr's loss Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel and Hamilton was killed

Supreme Court ruled a law unconstitutional for the first time Established power of Judicial Review

Orderly transition from Federalist party to Republican party Less Pomp and Ceremony Economy in Government: Whiskey Tax repealed Navy cutbacks Reduced the Army Reduced National Debt

1803 U.S. bought Louisiana from France and doubled size

1803-1806 Explore Louisiana all the way to the Pacific Ocean to strengthen U.S. claims to Oregon

England and France were at war and both were interfering with U.S. trade Jefferson halted all trade with foreign countries First president to use economic warfare

War between U.S. and Britain U.S. forces were defeated on land and sea Capital was burned

Wrote the Star Spangled Banner during the War of 1812 Not National Anthem until 1930s

Jackson defended against British attack after peace treaty had already been signed

December 1814 Ended War of 1812 Status Quo