Final Exam History 1301

Missouri: slave state Maine: free state 36' 30' parallel: boundary for future sates in the Louisiana Purchase (north of the line free and south of the line slave)

Proposed the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850 Known as "The Great Compromiser"

California admitted as a free state Mexican Cession divided into Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory: slavery to be decided by popular sovereignty Slave trade abolished in the capital New, stricter fugitive slave law Texas received $10 million to pay off debt and accepted a new boundary that created the TX Panhandle

People have authority

Threatened even free blacks Northern resentment led to more support for the Underground Railroad Ineffective enforcement angered Southerners Northern states passed personal liberty laws

Passed by state legislatures for bidding people to not help capture and return runaway slaves

Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe Told story of Uncle Tom, a kindly old slave, and Eva and how they were mistreated by a cruel master Influenced Northerners to become abolitionists Made Southerners angry

Created two new territories: Kansas and Nebraska Slavery to be decided by popular sovereignty Overturned part of the Missouri Compromise

Refers to the widespread destruction of property and bloodshed as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Anti-slavery settlers who rushed into Kansas to prevent it from becoming slave territory

A slave was not a citizen and could not bring suit in the nation's courts Living in a free territory did not make a slave free Citizens could take their property (including slaves) anywhere in the U.S. The Missouri Compromise (which prohibited slavery) was declared unconstitutional

Charles Sumner was a northern senator Andrew Butler was a southern senator who owned slaves Preston Brooks was a member of the U.S. House and Butler's nephew Sumner made vicious remarks about Butler and Brooks beat him with a walking stick

Brown and others attacked Harper's Ferry, Virginia He planned to take over the arsenal and give the guns to slaves for a revolt Was later captured and hanged Became a martyr to the cause of abolition

1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories. Douglas became Senator but Lincoln emerged as stronger Presidential candidate

"American Party" Anti-negro, anti-foreigner, anti-catholic Main purpose to sabotage other parties

Northern party that opposed the spread of slavery in the territories

Southern states vowed that if a Republican candidate was elected president they would secede from the Union Thought the Republican party would try to abolish slavery

Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln was elected and Southern states began to secede (first was South Carolina)

Federal fort on Charleston Harbor Attacked by Confederates in April 1861

Became military commander of Confederate (Southern) forces

Wooden ships covered in sheets of metal

Commander of Union (Northern) troops

First important battle of the Civil War Won by Confederates

Abraham Lincoln's proclamation that slaves in Southern states that seceded would be set free

Union ironclad ship

Confederate ironclad ship

Two forts captured by Ulysses S. Grant that were crucial to the Union effort

Second major Civil War battle; resulted in greater Union control over the Mississippi River Valley. Extremely bloody battle (23,000 casualties)

Siege that gave Union control of entire Mississippi River Turning point of war

Civil War battle in which the North suceedeed in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Gave Lincoln the opportunity for the Emancipation Proclamation

Union Civil War victory that turned the tide against the Confederates at Gettysburg, Pennslyvania, resulted in the loss of 50,000 soldiers

Address by Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg

Union victory leading to Northern control of important railroad port

General Sherman led troops on a march across Georgia burning cities and destroying everything in his path; killed civilians, destroyed crops. Sherman believed in total war

Lee surrenders, Grant offers the Confederacy good surrender terms to try to reunify the country

Founded the American Red Cross

Black soldiers who fought for the Union

Civil War nurse known for American/Civil War poetry

Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and sympathized with the South

Abolished slavery in the U.S.

Granted citizenship to former slaves

Gave suffrage to black male citizens

Bureau of Refuges, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Provided food and shelter for needy people: poor whites and freed slaves Assisted freedmen with employment contracts and economic matters Provided medical care and set up schools Minimal redistribution of land

Laws passed by Southern legislatures that restricted the rights of blacks

Political faction in Congress determined to see the South punished for causing the Civil War Thought Lincoln's plan was too quick and easy

Leaders of the Radical Republicans

Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War to help freed slaves or to seek economic political opportunity

Southerners who cooperated with Northern authorities during reconstruction

A state could draw up a new constitution, elect new officials, and return to the Union when at least 10% of voters took an oath of allegiance

Proposed by Radical Republicans as a much stricter plan than Lincoln's 10% Plan Vetoed by Lincoln

Assassinated President Lincoln a few days after the end of the war

Vice President of Lincoln Became president after Lincoln's assassination Clashed with Radical Republicans over reconstruction

Southerners had to swear that they had never given aid of any kind to the confederacy or its army to be eligible to vote or hold office

President had to get approval from the top general when giving orders to the military

President could not fire a member of his cabinet

Charged with violations of the Command of the Army Act and the Tenure of Office Act Acquitted by one vote

Imposed by Congress in 1867 Former Confederate states divided into 5 military districts Military governors appointed for each district to oversee reconstruction Federal troops sent to enforce the laws Bitterness increases among white southerners

3 Southern states send in two sets of electoral ballots-one Republican and one Democrat Congress appoints a Commission to settle the issue The Commission awards all disputed votes to the Republican candidate, by a partisan vote of 8-7 Outraged Democrats demand concessions resulting in the Compromise of 1877

"Betrayal of the Negro" Republicans win the election (Hayes becomes President), agree to withdraw federal troops from the South and end Reconstruction Democrats drop opposition to Hays and pledge to respect African American rights

When troops leave, Democrats take control in Southern states once again African Americans are systematically disfranchised and segregated South votes Democratic for decades