Theories of learning Chp 10 Gestalt Theory

The contention of the behaviorists that what an organism learns are specific responses to specific stimuli.

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According to Koffka, the environment as it is consciously experienced. Also referred to as subjective reality.

Poppers term for the innate desire to revise expectancies continuously so that they are increasingly accurate in reflecting reality.

The belief that body sensations cause mental images are seen as the by-products of body experiences.

The belief that the environment consist of interdependent events. In psychology, field theory assumes that behavior or cognitive processes are a function of many variables that exist simultaneously, and a change in any one of them changes the effect of all the others.

According to Koffka, the physical or objective environment. Aldo referred to as objective reality.

A German word meaning pattern or configuration.

The memory trace left by a specific experience.

Learning that occurs very rapidly, is remembered for a considerable length of time, and transfers readily to situations related to the one in which the insightful learning took place.

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As used by German psychologist, the relationship that exist between brain activity and consciousness.

The overwhelming principle in Gestalt psychology, which states that all mental events tend towards completeness, simplicity, and meaningfulness.

Kurt Lewin's concept to describe the simultaneous influences on a person at a given time.

The brain activity that is caused by environmental stimulation.

The remnants of an environmental experience after the experience is terminated.

A large segment oof behavior that is goal directed and therefore purposive.

A small segment of behavior, such as a conditioned reflex, that is isolated for detailed study.

The study of intact, meaningful mental events. These intact meaningful mental events are called phenomenological experiences, which structuralists wanted their subjects to actively avoid and Gestalt psychologists felt were the basic subject matter of psychology

The experience of apparent motion that is caused by lights flashing on and off at a certain frequency.

Wertheimer's discovery of apparent motion launched the Gestalt school of psychology.

Tendency to complete incomplete experiences, thereby making them more meaningful.

Wertheimer's term for thinking that is based on the understanding of principles involved in a problem rather than on a logic or the rote memorization of facts or rules.

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The contention of the Gestalt psychologists that organism should learn principles or relationships and not specific responses to specific stimuli.

A number of interrelated individual memory traces.

The Gestalt version of transfer of training, which states that a principle that works in solving a problem will tend to be applied to the solution of similar problems.

The tendency to remember uncompleted last longer than completed ones.