Which of the following describes a genome?
the collection of genetic material in a cell or organism
Dog somatic cells contains 78 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would a dog sperm cell contains:
39 total
Identify the process that occurs at each phase of the cell cycle, shown below, by placing each phrase at the appropriate place on the diagram.
G1- Cell prepares to replicate DNA
S- DNA synthesized
G2- Sister chromatids are present
M- Mitosis occurs
What is the different between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, whereas sexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically different from each other and from their parents.
The cell cycle is a repeating sequence of events that leads to the duplication and division of a cell. place the stages of the cell cycles in the order of their occurrence, from the earliest stages of cell growth through the latest stage of the cell division.
Interphase
prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis
A student examined cells taken from the root tip of an onion. The root tip was chosen because active root growth means the cells are actively dividing. The table to the right gives the data of how many cells were observed at each stage of the cell cycle.
According to these observations, which stage of the cell cycle is longest?
interphase
During which phase of mitosis do nuclear membranes reform around the separated copies of DNA?
telophase
During which phase of mitosis does the cytoplasm of a cell divide, fully separating the two daughter cells?
cytokinesis
During which phase of mitosis do spindle fibers shorten, pulling sister chromatids apart from one another and toward opposite ends of the cell?
anaphase
During which phase of mitosis does chromatin condense into chromosomes as the nuclear membrane breaks down?
prophase
Classify each of the characteristics below as describing animal cell cytokinesis or plant cell cytokinesis.
Animal cell cytokinesis:
-a contractile ring pinches the cell in two
- a cleavage furrow forms
Plant cell cytokinesis:
-a cell wall forms between daughter cells.
- a cell plate forms from fused vesicles.
Which phase of mitosis is shown in the image on the right?
anaphase
Which phase of mitosis is shown in the image on the right?
metaphase
Which phase of mitosis is shown in the image on the right?
prophase
Identify the cell cycle stage for each cell in the diagram.
On the top to clockwise: Interphase
Prophase
anaphase
cytokinesis
Match each description of cellular events with the checkpoint in the cell cycle where it takes place.
G1 checkpoint: the cell determines whether resources are sufficient to proceed with the cell cycles.
G2 checkpoint: proper replication of all chromosomes is verified.
M checkpoint: all chromatids are checked for proper attachment to spindle fiber.
Label each phase of the cell cycle in the figure below with the appropriate name or description.
outside of cycle: Phase of quiescence
G1 Phase
S Phase
Last stage of interphase
Cell division
Proto-oncogenes are genes that have the potential to become oncogenes through either mutation or an increase in expression.
Classify the statements below as describing proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes.
Tumor suppressor genes:
- these gene code for proteins that normally promote cell division.
-Mutations that decrease activity of these genes may lead to cancer.
the rest put all of them in to Proto-oncogenses
How does mitosis and cytokinesis in eukaryotes differ from binary fission in prokaryotes?
Spindle fibers form to separate sister chromatids in mitosis, whereas spindle fibers are not used to separate the replicated chromosome in binary fission.
Place the steps of the prokaryotic cell cycle in order.
-chromosome attaches to the plasma membrane
-plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward and divide
- chromosome replicate
-cell elongats, pulling each chromosome to an opposite end of the cell
-two genetically equivalent daughter cells are produced.
