Real World Psychology Chapter 7

An chronic organic brain syndrome characterized by gradual loss of memory, decline in intellectual ability, and deterioration of personality

The inability of form new memories after a brain injury; forward-acting amnesia

The process of grouping separate pieces of information into a single unit (or chunk) on the basis of similarity or some other organizing principle

The process by which neural changes associated with recent learning become durable and stable

The process of organizing and shaping information during processing storage and retrieval of memories

A study technique in which practice (or study) sessions are interspersed with rest periods

A technique for improving memory by linking new information to previously stored material; also known as levels of processing

The process by which a mental representation is formed in memory

A memory model which suggests that memory is formed through three processes, encoding sotrage, and retreival

The principle that retrieval of information is improved if cues recieved at the time of recall are cosistent with those present at time of encoding

A subsystem of long-term memory that stores autobiographical events and the contexts in which they occurred; a mental diary of a person's life

A subsystem within long-term memory that consciously stores facts, information, and personal life experiences

A recall of vivid, detailed, and near-permanent images associated with surprising or strongly emotional events; it may or may not be accurate

A subsystem within long-term memory that unconsciously stores procedural skills and simple classically conditioned responses

The third stage of memory, which stores information for long periods of time; the capacity is virtually limitless, and the duration is relatively permanent

A long-lasting increase in neural excitability, which may be a biological mechanism for learning and memory

The memory-improvement technique of repeating information over and over to maintain it in short-term memory

A study technique in which time spend learning is grouped into long, unbroken intervals; also known as cramming

The internal record or representation of some prior event or experience; the mental capacity to encode, store, and retrieve information

a memory distortion that results from misleading post-event information

A strategy or device that uses familiar information during the encoding of new information to enhance subsequent access to the information in memory

A process in which a prior exposure to a stimulus (or prime) facilitates or inhibits the processing of new information, even when one has new conscious memory of the initial learning and storage

A memory error in which old information interferes with remembering new information; it is forward-acting interfearance

The recovery of information form memory storage

A prompt or stimulus that aids recall or retrieval of a stored piece of information from long-term memory

A memory error in which new information interferes with remembering new information; it is backward-acting interference

The loss of memory for events before a brain injury; backward-acting amnesia

A subsystem of long-term memory that stores general knowledge; a mental encyclopedia or dictionary

The initial memory stage, which hold sensory information; it has relatively large capacity but the duration is only a few seconds

A characteristic of memory retrieval in which information at the beginning and end of a series is remembered better than material in the middle

The second memory stage, which temporarily stores sensory information and decides whether to send it on to long-term memory; its capacity is limited to five to nine items and it has a duration of about 30 seconds

A memory error in which information from an unreliable source that was initially discounted later gains credibility because the source is forgotten

A memory error caused by forgetting the true source of a memory (also called source confusion or source misattribution)

The retention of encoded information over time

A memory model which suggests that memory storage requires passage of information through three stages (sensory, short-term, and long-term memory)

Feeling that specific information is stored in your long-term memory but being temporarily unable to retrieve it

An alternative term for short-term memory, which emphasizes the active processing of information