Psychology Unit 5 Learning Theory

a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience

the view that psycholgy 1.

should be an objective science and 2. studies behavior without reference to mental processes

types of learning, an organism comes to associate stimuliPavlov

in classical conditioning, unlearned, naturally occurring responce to the unconditioned stimulus

Stimulus that unconditionally--naturally and automatically--triggers a response

originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an US comes to trigger a CR

learned response to a previously natural stimulus

initial stage in classical conditioning phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response

Diminishing of a CR occurs when US does not follow CS

the reappearance after a pause of an extinguished conditioned response

tendency, once a response has been conditioned for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

learned ability tp distinguish between a CS and stimuli that do not signal US

learning that certain events (a response and its consequences in operant learning) occur together

(Skinner) behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer/diminished if followed by a punisher

occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus. Skinner's term for behavior learned through classical conditioning

operates the environment, producing consequences

(Thorndike) behaviors followed by favorable consequences become likely. Behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

(Skinner Box) contains bar that an animal can manipulate to obtain food or water reinforcer.

Attached device records animal's rate of bar pressing

reinforces guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

Increasing behaviors by presenting stimuli (food). Anything that when presented strengthens a response

stopping or reducing negative stimuli (shock) **not punishment

innately reinforcing stimulus, satifies a biological need

stimilus gains its reinforcing power through its associating with primary reinforcer

reinforcing desired response everytime it occurs

reinforceing a response only part of the time, slower acquisition of a response, much greater resistance to extinction

reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

reinforces a response only after an unpredictable number of responses

reinforces a response only after a specified time has ellapsed

reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

event that decreases the behavior that it follows

mental representation of the layout of ones environment

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake

a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment

aka Social Learning (Bandura) learning by observing others

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

frontal lobe neurons that fire when performingcertain actions or when observing another do so. The brains mirroring of another action may enable imitation language learning and empathy

positive, constructive helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior