Psychology Chapter 3 Section 3

(1971, 73) observed and interviewed nursery school children and their parents to discover three distinct parenting styles on children

parents attempt to control, shape, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of children and adolescents in accordance with a set code of conduct

children and adolescents participate in decisions affecting their lives

children and adolescents have the final say.; parents are less controlling and have a nonpunishing, accepting attitude toward children

egocentric in their child rearing and seemed uncommitted to their roles and quite distant from their children

includes the physical or mental injury, sexual abuse, negligent treatment or mistreatment of children under the age of 18 by adults entrusted with their care

the process of learning the rules of behavior of the culture within which an individual is born and will live

Sigmund Freud- believed that all children are born with powerful sexual and aggressive urges. in learning to control these impulses, children acquire a sense of right and wrong

Infant's pleasure seeking focused on the mouth.

Infant's pleasure seeking centered on functions of elimination

Infant's pleasure seeking focused on the genitals

the process by which a child adopts the values and principles of the same-sex parent

Sexual thoughts repressed; child focuses on developing social and intellectual skills

the process of redirecting sexual impulses into learning tasks

Sexual desires are renewed; individual seeks relationships with others

life periods in which an individual's goal is to satisfy desires associated with social needs

Erik Erikson- recognizes the child's sexual and aggressive urges, but also believes that the need for social approval is just as important

the development of a sense of independence

Learning theory implies that the child is essentially passive- a piece of clay to be shaped by experience.

the people who administer rules and punishments and serve as models do the shaping. cognitivists see the child as the shaper arguing that social development is the result of the child's acting on the environment and trying to makes sense out of his or her experiences.

children's play that involves assuming adult roles, thus enabling the child to experience different points of view

( 1968) studied the development of moral reasoning. used his example on Heinz and the life saving cancer drug.

deciding what is right and wrong