Lecture 12 – Implicit and Explicit

Explicit: Concious recollection, declarative knowledge (recall and recognition). DirectImplicit: Unconcious change, includes procedural knowledge (skills), priming. Indirect.

Psychogenic: relatively rare in the real world. Due to psychological, not physical trauma (Joe Bieger didn't know who he was)Organic: Caused by injury to the brain

Anterograde: Inability to learn new explicit information after trauma (Memento)Retrograde amnesia: Inability to retrieve explicit information from prior to trauma. -Usually temporally-graded (memory for old info is normally intact and more recent info more vulnerable)-Pure form is rare

Anterograde amnesia and temporally graded retrograde amnesia-No new memories-No memory for events 3-11 years before surgery-Intact childhood memories

Hippocampus

-Live in present only-Music can extend his period of consciousness-Anterograde amnesia and nearly complete retrograde amnesia for episodes-No new memories, can't remember people except for his wife, no episodic memory, he knows meanings of words and can carry on convo. Plays piano!)spared implicit memory: mirror reading by N.

A. (normal implicit learning but worse than controls when explicit memories are possible).

Logic game where you move the gold pieces

-Amnesics show normal priming but poor recognition memory (they don't remember having seen the words). Implicit: Say the first word that comes to mind. Completing more old words than new posterior visual area activity goes downExplicit: recognition. Say the word that begins with stem.

hippocomps and frontal lobe activity

Explicit: Visually presented, yes-no recognition. No difference for words that had been visual and words that had been auditoryImplicit test: Visually presented priming test. Subjects had to name word. It's faster if the word had also been visual in study phase than if word had been auditory.Modality of presentation affects implicit memory performance but not explicit memory

Depth of processing to explicit to recall and recognitionVisual vs.

auditory modality to implicit to priming

Explicit test: Recall the words Deep was significantly higherImplicit test: Priming: fragment completion (first word that comes to mind) Shallow was just a bit higher

-Free recall "recall words in any order"-Cued recall "study word pair"-Yes/No recognition "did you study the word "

-Priming: word fragment completion. Study word list, priming -Priming: reading speed-Skill learning: improvement in performance when learning a motor skill-Conditioning