General Psychology Chapter 5 & 6

Learning that remains hidden until its application becomes useful

Classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person

The use of feedback about biological conditions to bring involuntary responses such as blood pressure and relaxation under voluntary control

The reinforcement of a response by the addition or experiencing of a pleasurable stimulus

A behavior that is voluntary

The disappearance or weakening of a learned response

Stimulus that has no effect on the desired response

Type of behavior modification in which behavior is rewarded with tokens

The tendency to fail to act to escape from a situation because of history of repeated failures in the past

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex. Involuntary

The use of operant conditioning techniques to bring about desired changes in behavior

Learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus

The sudden perception of relationships among various parts of a problem, allowing the solution to the problem to come quickly

The reinforcement of each and every correct response

Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought by experience or practice

Russian physiologist who discovered classical conditioning

A naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response

An involuntary response to a naturally occurring or unconditioned Stimulus

A stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus

The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the original conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response

The tendency to stop making a generalized response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus because the similar stimulus is never paired with the unconditioned stimulus

Any event or object that, when following a response, increases the likelihood of that response occurring again

The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred

A law stating that if a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated, and if followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not be repeated.

The reinforcement of a response by the removal, escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus

Any event or object that, when following a response, makes that response less likely to happen again

Tendency for an animal's behavior to revert to genetically controlled patterns

Learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior

Loss of memory due to the passage of time, during which the memory trace is not used

The memory retrieval problem that occurs when older information prevents or interferes with the retrieval of newer information

A memory retrieval problem that occurs when newer information prevents or interferes with the retrieval of older information

The very first stage of memory, the point at which information enters the nervous system through the sensory systems

The brief memory of something a person has just heard

The ability to focus on only one stimulus from all sensory input

Loss of memory from the point of injury or trauma forward, or the inability to form new long-term memories

Memory that is consciously known, such as declarative memory

The system of memory into which all the information is placed to be kept more or less permanently

Holding information for some period of time

Visual sensory memory, lasting only a fraction of a second

The memory for events and facts related to oneself

The tendency to remember information at the beginning of a body of information better than the information that follows

An active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters it as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage

Type of automatic encoding that occurs because an unexpected event has strong emotional associations for the person remembering it

Getting information that is in storage into a form that can be used

Type of declarative memory containing personal information not readily available to others, such as daily activities and events

The ability to match a piece of information or a stimulus to a stored image or fact

The set of mental operations that people perform on sensory information to convert that information into a form that is usable in the brain's storage systems

The rare ability to access a visual memory for 30 seconds or more

The memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used and is also called the working memory

When bits of information are combined into meaningful units, or chunks, so that more information can be held in the STM

The practice of saying some information to be remembered over and over in one's head in order to remain in STM

Including memory for skills, procedures, habits, and conditioned responses.

Are not conscious but are implied to exist because they affect conscious behavior.

Type of long-term memory containing information that is conscious and known

The type of declarative memory containing general knowledge, such as knowledge of language and information learned in formal education

A stimulus for remembering information

Memories are formed during a particular physiological or psychological state will be easier to recall while in a similar state

The type of memory retrieval in which the information to be retrieved must be "pulled" from memory with very few external cues much like on an essay test

The tendency of information at the beginning and end of a body of information to be remembered more accurately than information in the middle of the body of information

The tendency to remember information at the end of a body of information better than the information ahead of it

The failure to process information into memory

The physical change in the brain that occurs when a memory is formed