A-
Without
Bio-
Life
-ology
Study of
Cyto-
Cell
Mono-
One
Di-
Two
Cytology
Study of cells
Zoology
Study of animals
Botany
Study of plants
Biology
Study of life
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/devices/microscope/label/label.
GIF
1. Coarse adjustment knob
2. Fine adjustment knob
3. Arm
4. Stage clip
5. Stage
6.
Eyepiece 7. Body tube 8. Revolving nose piece 9. Low power objective lens 10. High power objective lens 11. Stage 12.
Diaphragm 13. Light source
What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
An eukaryotic cell has a defined nucleus whereas a prokaryotic cell does not
List the three main parts of a cell
1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Plasma membrane
Ribosome
Makes protein
Endoplasmic reticulum
Allows substances to move from one place to another within a cell
Golgi apparatus
Packages proteins and gets them ready to leave the cell
Lysosome
Contains enzymes that digest macromolecules, dead organelles, and bacteria
Centrioles
Only function during cell division
Mitochondria
Creates energy for cell.
What does "selectively permeable" mean?
This means that it only lets certain things enter and exit the cell.
Steps of the cell cycle (mitosis)
1. Interphase - DNA is in the form of chromatin, long strands of DNA, in the nucleus.
2.
Prophase - Chromosomes are formed in this stage 3. Chromosomes move to the equator of the cell 4. Chromosomes split into chromatids which move to opposite poles 5. Telophase - Chromatids lengthen & change back into chromatin 6. Daughter Cells - DNA is in the form of chromatin in both daugher cells
How does the parent cell compare to the daughter cells in mitosis?
In mitosis two daughter cells are formed; each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
How does the parent cell compare to the daughter cells in meiosis?
In meiosis the daughter cells, four in spermatogenesis and one in oogenisis (3 polar bodies), have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.
The two nucleic acids
DNA and RNA (deoxyibonucleic acid & ribonucleic acid)
The three types of RNA
Messenger RNA - Takes DNA's info to ribosome
Transfer RNA - Takes amino acids to ribosome
Ribosomal RNA - Makes up the ribosomes
Replication
The process during which DNA makes an exact copy of itself
Transcription
The process by which RNA copes DNA's information
ATGC (DNA)
TACG
ATGC (RNA)
UACG
What term describes DNA's shape?
Double-helix
What term means the genetic makeup of an individual?
Genotype
An organism with 2 like genes for a trait is said to be?
Homozygous
An organism with 2 unlike genes for a trait is said to be?
Heterozygous
What is a dihybrid cross?
A cross involving two traits
What is a karyotype?
A picture of a person's chromosomes
How many chromosomes are in each human cell?
46
What are the male sex chromosomes?
XY
What are the female sex chromosomes?
XX
A recessive trait that is carried on the X chromosome is what kind of trait?
Sex-linked trait
Name two examples of this type of trait
1. Colorblindness
2. Hemophilia
What is a pedigree?
A record of how traits are passed from generation to generation.
List the 6 kindoms
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Linnaeus' classification system in order
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What is the lytic cycle?
The process through which virulent viruses reproduce
What is a bacteriophage?
A virus that attacks bacteria
Why are viruses considered "obligate intracellular parasites"?
They need a host cell to reproduce
List the five steps of the lytic cycle
Attachment
Entry
Replication
Assembly
Release
List the three shapes of bacteria
Coccus - Round
Bacillus- Rod
Spirillum- Bent rod
Diplo-
Pair
Strepto-
Chain
Staphylo-
Cluster
Coccus
Round
Streptobacillus
Chain of rods
Diplobacillus
Pair of rods
Spirillum
Bent rod
Staphylococcus
Cluster of round bacteria
Homeostasis
The ability of an organism to maintain balance with its environment
Phagocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs other cells or large particles
Diffusion
The process by which molecules move from areas of greater concentration to areas of lesser concentration
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable surface
Iodine is an indicator for starch (carbs). How would you know if a substance contained starch by using iodine as an indicator?
If the substance turned black with the addition of iodine it contained starch
What part of the cell functions to maintain homeostasis relative to its environment?
Plasma membrane
Chemical equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy = 6O2 + C6H12O6
What is the end result of photosynthesis?
Glucose
Chemical equation for cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
What is the end result of cellular respiration?
Energy
Autotrophs
Organisms that can produce their own food
Heterotrophs
Organisms that cannot produce their own food
Photosynthesis occurs in what organisms?
Autotrophs
Cellular respiration occurs in what organisms?
Both
In what cell organelle does cellular respiration take place?
Mitochondria
What is the most important pigment?
Chlorophyll a
What compound is formed by fermentation in muscles during exercise?
Lactic acid
How does the accumulation of this compound in our muscles make us feel?
Tired and sore
