Educational Psychology BC TEST 1-7 (final)

Most developmental theorists agree that:

A sensitive period in development can best be described as:

According to the textbook, which one of the following conclusions is most warranted from research on brain development?

From Piaget's perspective, children are:

Which one of the following statements best describes Piaget's view of how children acquire knowledge about the world?

In Piaget's theory, a scheme can best be described as:

Which one of the following is the best example of Piaget's concept of assimilation?

Which one of the following best illustrates Piaget's concept of accommodation?

Piaget's processes of assimilation and accommodation both involve:

Which one of the following most accurately describes the general concept of temperament?

Which one of the following pairs of children best illustrates a difference in temperament?

Mr. King runs a tight ship in his middle school math classes. At the beginning of each class, he gives a ten-minute explanation of a new concept or procedure, and then he hands out worksheets that students complete independently at their desks. Which one of the following students has a temperament that is probably the best match with Mr. King's classroom?

Which student has probably come from a home in which his or her parents exhibit an authoritative parenting style?

If we extend research findings regarding effective parenting styles to the classroom, teachers would be well advised to:

Which one of the following best describes socialization as developmental psychologists use the term?

The four teachers below are hoping to improve their students' sense of self. Which one will probably be least effective in doing so?

The formation of children's self-concepts is most strongly influenced by:

Authoritative parents can best be characterized as having which type of relationship with their children?

Which one of the following teachers is definitely keeping in mind Piaget's idea that assimilation and accommodation are both necessary for learning and cognitive development to occur?

Louis receives a new soccer ball and begins to dribble it in the same way he dribbles his basketball. His dribbling of the new ball reflects Piaget's concept of:

Which one of the following conclusions could be drawn from a descriptive study?

A study that tells us whether two variables are associated, but does not tell us if one variable causes or influences the other, is a(n):

Which one of the following statements about educational research is true?

Experimental research requires which one of the following?

A research study finds that students who weigh more do better in school.

Which one of the following is an appropriate deduction from this information?

A researcher is interested in the effect of teacher-student ratios. She finds 10 fifth-grade classrooms with 30-40 students per class and 10 others with 15-25 students per class. She discovers that there is a correlation between class size and student achievement. Which one of the following conclusions can we draw from this study?

In general, experimental studies have which one of the following advantages over descriptive and correlational studies?

A French teacher reads an article about how visual imagery (i.e., "picturing" things in one's mind) can be used to help students learn French vocabulary words. To find out if visual imagery is more effective than verbal repetition in learning vocabulary words, she develops two different study guides for her students-one that tells students how to use visual imagery to learn French words, and one that tells them just to repeat the words over and over again-and randomly distributes the two study guides to her students.

Over the next few weeks, the teacher finds that students using visual imagery study guides achieve higher average quiz scores. She concludes that the study guides describing the visual imagery technique help her students learn their French vocabulary words. Is the teacher's conclusion valid?

Dr. Kenney conducts a study in which she gives some students (chosen randomly) logically organized learning material; she gives other students the same material presented in a haphazard, unpredictable sequence. She finds that students with the organized material remember more.

This study can best be described as a(n):

Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn only from an experimental study?

When cognitive psychologists talk about the process of "putting" things in memory, they often use the term:

You know what a computer is, and you may also know how to send an e-mail message using a computer. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

Which one of the following statements best describes the idea that learning involves a process of construction?

A biology teacher wants students to remember the various components of a cell(nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane). Considering what research tells us about encoding and retrieval, the teacher would be well advised to help students encode information about the cell:

In contemporary psychology, a schema can best be described as:

Three of the following statements accurately characterize rote learning. Which statement is not true of rote learning?

Four students are storing the fact: "Europeans first settled at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565." Based on the following information, which student is probably going to have themost difficult time retrieving the informatin from long-term memory a few days later?

Three of the following are examples of mnemonics. Which one is not a mnemonic?

If you wanted to help your students learn something by using a mnemonic device, which one of the following sentences would you use?

Ms.

Iwata has a long-term goal for her science students: to consider what they have learned about science as they deal with issues and problems in their daily lives. What teaching strategy will best help her students retrieve relevant scientific principles when they need them the most?

Three of the following are examples of comprehension monitoring. Which one is not?

A student who has an illusion of knowing is most likely to:

Perry is trying to solve the following riddle: "What creature walks on four legs, then two, then three?" He repeatedly tries to think of an animal that might walk on three legs, but he can think only of animals that walk on either two or four legs.

Finally, he is told the correct answer - a human begin, who crawls, then walks, then walks with a can. Which one of the following is the most likely explanation of Perry's difficulty?

Critical thinking can best be described as involving:

Fourteen-year-old David rarely turns in his homework and often skips school, and so he is earning "Ds" and "Fs" in most of his classes. Yet he expresses his sincere desire to go to college and "make something of myself." This apparent inconsistency between his poor academic performance, on the one hand, and his strong interest in going to college, on the other, can probably best be explained by:

Three of the following are authentic activities related to using a computer.

Which one is, in an of itself, not an authentic activity

Which one of the following is the best example of problem-based learning?

Three of the following are accurate statements about factors that affect transfer. Which statement is not necessarily accurate?

From the perspective of psychology, why should teachers not expect students to solve complex problems in their heads?

Three of the following strategies illustrate the use of metacognitive processes in problem solving.

Which strategy is least metacognitive in nature?

Jeffrey needs to study for an upcoming exam. He does a number of things to prepare for the exam, four of which are listed below. Three of these illustrate metacognition. Which one reflects little if any metacognitive activity?

Which one of the following is the best illustration of metacognition?

Many children lack metacognitive knowledge. This is reflected in the fact that they:

Which one of the following best illustrates concept mapping?

Which one of the following statements best describes the usefulness of concept mapping

Which one of the following is the best example of positive transfer?

Which one of the following is the best example of negative transfer?

Weston is working on a science project and wants to make his papier-mâché volcano "erupt." He remembers that when his mother combined vinegar and baking soda while following a recipe, the batter foamed up as she added the vinegar. So he tries mixing vinegar and baking soda in his volcano, and the mixture bubbles. Weston is showing:

Creativity often involves divergent thinking. Which one of the following is the best example of divergent thinking?

Other things being equal, which one of the following students is most likely to engage in critical thinking about scientific topics?

Which one of the following examples best illustrates the concept of situated motivation?

The four statements below describe effects that motivation may have on learning and/or behavior. Three of the statements are accurate.

Which one is not accurate?

Which one of the following is the best example of extrinsic motivation?

Which one of the following students is displaying extrinsic motivation?

Which one of the following students is displaying intrinsic motivation?

Three of the following are true statements about intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Which one is false?

Which one of the following best describes the concept of self-worth as a factor in motivation?

As a teacher, you are apt to find the parents of a few of your students will have little involvement in their children's education. Three of the following statements are accurate with regard to such parents. Which statement is not accurate?

Mike desperately wants to do well on the SATs, as his scores will affect his chances of getting into his first-choice college. He also knows that many students at his school think that SAT scores are good indicators of how "smart" one is.

Yet the night before the test, rather than get a good night's sleep, Mike goes out with his friends, has a few beers, comes home late, and wakes up with a hangover. With this information in mind, we might suspect that Mike:

If you want to promote intrinsic motivation in your students, you should:

Which one of the following statements best describes motivation theorists' concept of sense of self-determination?

Which one of the following teachers is using a strategy that is most likely to increase students' sense of self-determination?

Mr.

Rawlins is faculty advisor for the high school service club. He attends every meeting, but he typically sits in the back of the room and offers advice only if club members ask for it or if he thinks the club's planned activities are in some way inappropriate. In taking this approach, Mr. Rawlins is most likely to:

When choosing a partner to work on a science fair project, James selects a close friend who isn't particularly good in science. With this information in mind, which one of the following is most likely to be true about James?

Which one of the following is the best example of hot cognition?

Which one of the following best illustrates cognitive dissonance?

Which one of the teachers below is using a strategy consistent with the concept of hot cognition?

Which one of the following statements is most accurate about how anxiety affects students' performance in the classroom?

Your students have been given a challenging task-one at which they can succeed only if they work hard. Considering what we know about the effects of anxiety on performance, which one of the following students is most likely to complete the task successfully?

As teachers, we can probably best help students overcome debilitating anxiety in the classroom by:

At the beginning of the school year, Ms. Greenlaw learns that she will have three students with learning disabilities in her classroom.

She should expect that these three students will:

Which one of the following best illustrates inclusion as it is defined by special educators?

What is the primary purpose of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?

In the United States, Public Law 94-142, also known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), provides several specific guarantees for students with disabilities. Which of the following is not one of the PL 94-142's guarantees?

Juliana is a five-year-old who is paralyzed and cannot speak. To act in accordance with IDEA's concept of a free and appropriate education, her local school district:

IDEA's requirement that students with disabilities be educated in the least restrictive environment means that:

Other things being equal, which one of the following approaches is apt to be most effective when working with a student who has an intellectual disability

Which example best illustrates the idea of least restrictive environment?

A student with special needs is guaranteed an individualized education program. Who among the following individuals is least likely to be involved in developing this program?

Three of the following have been shown to be potential benefits of including students with special needs in general education classrooms. Which one has not necessarily been shown to be a benefit of inclusive practices?

Kristen has large scars on her neck from surgeries she has received to correct a problem with her esophagus. In the past she has been fed with a tube, but now she is learning to eat through her mouth. Her doctor wants her to snack throughout the day to increase her calorie intake. According to the guidelines set forth by IDEA, the most appropriate school response would be to:

When teachers choose an instructional strategy, they should consider the extent to which students are self-regulating learners. Which one of the following approaches would be most effective if students show little or no ability to regulate their own learning?

One of the history teachers below is violating a principle recommended for teacher-directed instruction.

Which one?

Judging from the brief descriptions below, which one of these four teachers is using a mastery learning approach?

In which situation is mastery learning most appropriate?

Which one of the following are you least likely to see in direct instruction?

When Ms. Krakowski teaches the process of long division, she describes the objective of the lesson and demonstrates the procedure on the chalkboard.

Then she has students solve long-division problems at the chalkboard, where she can give them frequent guidance as they work. Later, after the students show some proficiency with long division, she has them work on additional problems at their desks. Ms. Krakowski's approach can best be classified as which of the following?

Three of the characteristics listed below are frequently found in computer-based instruction. Which characteristic are we least likely to see in CBI?

Three of the following are accurate statements about the benefits of cooperative learning.

Which statement is not accurate?

Which one of the following statements is most accurate about he value of homework in the elementary grades?

Rani has just moved here from a Middle Eastern country where most women remain at home serving their husbands and taking care of their children. She seems confused when she is asked to perform the same school tasks that her male classmates are.

Rani's situation illustrates:

When we say that different cultural and ethnic groups have different world views, we mean that

Which one of the following teacher statements most clearly reflects a cultural lens as the textbook uses the term?

Three of the teachers below are using strategies appropriate for a culturally diverse classroom. With the textbook's discussion of student diversity in mind, identify the teacher who is probably not promoting the classroom success of some of her students.

Poor nutrition is a problem for many children who live in poverty. Which one of the following situations is likely to be associated with poor nutrition?

Three of the following are examples of operant conditioning. Which one is not?

Ms Smythe keeps Eric after school whenever he swears in class.

Even though Eric has been kept after school each day for the past three weeks, his swearing has not decreased at alll - in fact, it has steadily increased. Given what we know about the effects of punishment on behavior, Ms Smythe should probably conclude that:

Imagine you are a teacher at a junior high school. Below are four behaviors you might exhibit in your classroom. Considering the textbook's discussion of modeling, choose the behavior your students are least likely to imitate.

Which one of the following examples illustrates vicarious reinforcement?

Which one of the following teaching strategies best reflects the textbook's definition of multicultural education?

Three of the following are differences that teachers may find among children from some cultural backgrounds.

Which behavior is probably not the result of a child's cultural background per se?

Which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding individual achievement and competition in many Native American, Mexican American, and Southeast Asian cultures?

The concept of socialization, as psychologists typically use the term, can best be described as:

Three of the following are likely to give you reasonable clues about a child's cultural background and/or ethnic group membership. Which one is probably least dependable as an indicator of a child's cultural background and ethnicity?

Three of the following statements about culture are true. Which one is false?

Given what psychologists have learned about modeling, why might inner-city African American students learn more from an African American model who grew up in a ghetto than from a model of a different race or background?

Good grades are reinforcing to some students but not to others. Someone explaining this fact from an operant conditioning perspective would say that good grades are most likely to be reinforcers to students who:

A teacher wants to encourage her students to work cooperatively with one another as they study classroom subject matter. If she applies the principle Some antecedent stimuli tend to elicit certain kinds of behaviors, she might:

After explaining what sines and cosines are, a high school mathematics teacher shows students how they might use these concepts in constructing large buildings. Which one of the following principles does this scenario best illustrate?

A community of learners can best be described as:

From the perspective of the textbook, which one of the following classrooms best reflects effective classroom management?

Three of the following teacher behaviors are consistent with the textbook's suggestions for communicating caring and respect for students.

Which one is not consistent with its suggestions?

Three of the following strategies may help promote a sense of community in the classroom. Which strategy is least likely to promote this sense of community?

Which one of the following is consistent with the textbook's recommendations regarding the best approach to setting limits for classroom behavior?

Which one of the following teacher statements is most consistent with the that classroom rules and procedures should be presented in an informational (rather than controlling) manner?

Students are most likely to follow classroom rules if they understand the reasons behind the rules. Below are four possible ways through which we might help students learn why we establish certain rules for classroom behavior. Which one is most consistent with recommendations offered in the textbook?

Ms. Girardi, a sixth grade teacher, is explaining an assignment.

She notices two students passing notes to one another. While continuing to discuss the assignment, she moves toward the students and confiscates the written notes. Then she walks back to the front of the class, still continuing her explanation, and asks Mark, who is daydreaming, to answer a question. This scenario best illustrates which one of the following classroom management skills?

Which one of the following examples is most consistent with the textbook's definition of a misbehavior?

In which one of the following situations would it be best to ignore a student's behavior?

Three of the following are examples of self-regulation as social cognitive theorists describe it. Which one is not a good example of self-regulation?

Which one of the following examples illustrates informal assessment?

What is the major argument for the use of authentic assessment rather than traditional assessment to determine what students have learned?

Which one of the following is the best example of authentic assessment?

Which one of the following is the best example of authentic assessment of students' knowledge of ten spelling words?

Which one of the following is definitely not an example of authentic assessment?

Which one of the following is most likely to be what educators call a standardized test?

Which one of the following illustrates the use of formative evaluation?

Which one of the following is the best example of summative evaluation?

By encouraging students to evaluate their own performance during assessment activities, we are most likely to:

The reliability of an assessment instrument tells us: