Chapter 8: Learning theory

Classical conditioning= learned behavior

accidental discovery about the nature of salivation in dogs- studying the gastric system of dogs.Salivation is an innate reflex.

dogs salivated when they: heard the food, seen the food, tasted the food

presentation of the food- innate salivation reflex to food. classical conditioning.

noise (clicker)- required condition to elicit the dog to salivate. classical conditioning.

salivation to the food. classical conditioning

learning

can get dogs attention without use of treats once you have conditioned the dog.

classical conditioning

if stop practicing condition can be lost/ forgotten.stops pointing finger for Frankie to sit. can forget to sit. doesn't mean it cant come back.

can retrain stimulus to work again.

forget something you know. don't think about it; just comes back.

stimulus can be so common it starts to irradiate out.snap, clap sound the same- will react the same

something burned in mind and that similar object is not accepted.* use fluorescent light then change to normal light- dog will discriminate normal light.

condition stimulus to food= light.

then condition stimulus to food= horn.then condition stimulus to food= clap.Condition response can become weaker the higher the order

Masters degree at 21 years old.Environmentalist (nurture vs nature)

Father of behaviorism

Condition emotions.Fear: happens by being presented by something.

Rage: force child to do something they don't like.Love: taught through affection and attention.Fear, rage, and love- not born with. Learn through people around you.

systematic desensitization.spider video- it was a processagoraphobia- fear of leaving house.(baby steps- front porch- front lawn- etc)

little albert

Operant conditioning.radical behaviorist: psychology should study overt behavior (observable) and the environments affects on behaviors.

responses that are automatically elicited by known stimuli (e.g. ingestion of food automatically elicits a startle response) Most respondents are probably simple reflexes.

in operant behavior, the animal is not harnessed ( like pavlov) but moves freely about and operates on the environment

the most important measure of learning is the rate of responding; when responses are reinforced their rates of occurrence increases

behavior is determined by its consequences.example: reading books= getting good grades= reading more; doing drugs= getting high/ feeling good= doing more drugs.

food or the removal of pain= they have natural properties (negative)

things that in themselves rewarding. things like food, water, rest.

things we have learned to value as much as praise, video games or the big one- MONEY.Money can be traded in for anything and we constantly increase behaviors for money

adults smiling, praise, attention= their affectiveness stem from their frequent association with primary reinforcers

operant behavior and respondent behavior are subjected to extinction.Example: children do things just to get attention: one can stop undesirable behaviors such as excessive crying or temper tantrums by consistently with drawing ones attention whenever they occur

operant behavior that has been extinguished can reoccur.Example: baby's tantrums occur again when placed in a new situation