Chapter 4 Learning and Transfer of Training

goals held by a trainee in a learning situationaffects amount of effort in a trainee w motivation to learn

Trying to increase ability or confidence in a task.

for the sake of learning. "academic world"

KSAO's. things that you hope preare you to perform but they add more potential than anything else. Building potentiality

Learners who focus on task performance and how they compare to others.for the sake of performance.

"nike word"

direct greater attention to the task and learn for the sake of learning

direct more attention to performing well and less effort to learning

defieciency that a person is experiencing at any point in time

help to explain the value that a person places on certain outcomesMaslow's and Alderfer's needs theories

Maslow is in strict sequence and higher order needs are not looked at until employeees meet their lower level needs are met.ex: cant give pep talks about self actualization living pro career to employees if you arent paying enough to support themselves today

Physiological, safety, belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization

Existence, relationships, growth

needs for achievement, affiliation, and power

link between trying to perform a behavior and actually performing well.if i want to do well, that my motivation of doing well, then can have the consequence of doing well Effort>performance

belief that performing a given behavior is associated with a particular outcomeif i try hard I can produce a certain thing, if i produce a certain thing, will i get a certain outcome.

Studying hard for an examperformance>outcome

suggests that a person's behavior is based on three factors: Expectencies, instrumentality, and valence

Value that a person places on an outcome.value to mevalue of outcome

how adults learn; much more problem solving than pedagogythe study of learning in adults

adults bring more work-related experiences into the learning situation

(1) to know why they are learning something (2) to be self-directed (3) a problem-centered approach to learning (4) a learning experience that addresses their extrinsic and intrinsic motivators

self-concept, experience, readiness, time perspective, orientation to learning

Emphasizes the internal processes that occur when training content is learned and retrained

Information Processing Theory

verbal instructions suggesting ways to code the training content so it can be stored in memory, meaningful learning context(examples), demonstration helping organize learner's response

Training objectives that are linked to learning specific skills that are to be identically produced by the trainee on their job

linked to more general learning principles. more theoretical, more room for interpretation

far, because it takes some interpretation to figure out what principles are important in what context

near, because the type of transfer is near as in very similar to the training context

ability to organize the message from the environment so that it can be processed and acted upon

rehearsal and repetition of information occures

rehearsal, organizing, elaboration

part of the mental and physical processes: rehearsal and repetition of information occurs

actual coding process of incoming messages (Part of learning processes)

Lack of peer supportLack of management supporttime pressures, inadequate equipment, few opportunities to use skills, inadequate budget

verbal information (head), intellectual skills (head), motor skills (hands), attitudes (heart), cognitive strategies

process of trainees continuing to use what they learned over time

trainee's ability to apply what they learned to on-the job work problems

trainees effectively and continually applying what they have learned in training to their jobs

reinforcement theory, needs theory, social learning theory, goal theory, expectancy theory, adult learning theory, information processing theory

emphasizes that people are motivated to perform or avoid certain behaviors b/c of past outcomes/consequences that have resulted from those behaviors. Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction, punishment

emphasizes that people learn by observing other persons (role models) whom they believe are credible and knowledgeable