ENG 240 Exam 1

- Separatist Puritans (Puritans who saw no hope in reforming the church of England)- first pilgrims to come to America from England on the Mayflower.

Settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620- Hierarchy- Travels overseas to get to Plymouth, Gods Proclamation, think that NA's going to kill them, first encounter the NA's run away, then shooting and arrows a few days later. - Morton comes a few years later, poses as a threat to the English (trading guns with Native Americans), forcefully exile him back to England*DETAILED SUMMARY*- Voyage over seas, lots of bad storms, God shows his providence through killing cocky, rude guy, and through sending one man overboard, returning him to the ship, and later making him wealthy. - Thank God a lot for getting them safely to shore- Not completely happy w settlement because no one to greet them, etc. but rather Native Americans to kill them. -Thank God for getting them to this land and away from their oppressors- 16 men decide to search lands by foot to find water source while the rest fix the boat that was damaged over seas- Come across 5-6 NA's, NA's run away (unlike what Bradford originally believed would happen)- English follow, but lose them, follow footsteps to try and find NA dwellings -- find an empty ground where NA's had formerly planted corn -- keep walking, find the river -- take some corn- Bring boat back to this river to explore more- Arrive at night, see 10 NA's doing something near the shore (found it to be cutting up a fish), pull up to a close by harbor, build a barricade and sleep- In the morning, split up to explore land by water and foot (don't find any humans that day)- Return to harbor to build a barricade in order to sleep- Woke up to loud screams, start shooting, maybe wolves?- Rest until 5am, left guns on shore, went to boat for breakfast- Hear the same scream/cry again, NA's surround them with arrows. Able to quickly run to shore to grab their guns "Thank God"- Lots of shooting and arrows being fired, NA's run away, English run towards them to show that they're not afraid, thank God for not letting them get hurt, thank God for them winning the fight (The First Encounter)- Departed the shore and sailed but couldn't find a good place for harbor.

- Pilot (who has been to the country before) left them to a good harbor -- bad weather, breaks parts of boat -- Thanks to God the tide went toward the harbor and dumped them there -- turns out not to be the harbor pilot was thinking of, but tells others not to be mad because God led them here safely -- turns out to be an island with not NA settlements -- able to rest- Explore the island, find lots of corn plants- Return back to their ship with the news of the new land to the others -- yay! -- send everyone over to the new harbor to create a settlement. - 3 or 4 years later, Captain Wollaston, Thomas Morton, and a few others come over with many indentured servants in order to begin a plantation in Massachusetts -- Mount Wollaston- at plantation for a while, but no profit, so Wollaston and Rasdall go to Virginia to sell their slaves -- appoint Fitcher to govern plantation until they get back- Morton sees this as an opportunity, makes servants a huge feast to gain popularity with the remaining servants and tells them that they should override Fitcher and then Morton will be their partner and set them free from their services, to live as equals -- they agree (obviously)-Morton starts a school of Atheism (No God) - Starts making lots of money on trade with the NA's -- but spends it all on alcohol -- lots of dancing and partying- changed name of the plantation from Mount Wollaston to Merrymount- Gov of Massachusetts sends over document saying their name is being changed to Mount Dagon bc of their profanity - Morton begins trading guns with NA's and teaches them how to use them to better the fur trade- NA's starting to realize the real power of having these weapons over bows and arrows- Plantations around Merrymount (including Bradford) started to see this as a problem that needed to be stopped. - All smaller plantations team up with Plymouth to suppress Morton before he becomes too powerful.- Send Morton 2 letters saying he needs to go to England because he was acting against the Kings Proclamation- Morton not happy about this, doesn't go, so Plymouth sends Captain Standish and gang to take Morton by force- Come to take Morton, some shooting, but no one gets hurt- Bring Morton to Plymouth and send him to England- Charges dropped because not enough sufficient evidence- Large wealth division now in Mass Bay (12 years later) so now have to split up churches -- everyone sad-- decide to give out some land to deserving individuals who promised to live in Plymouth and be helpful to the church -- didn't really work out as planned.

*PROFESSORS NOTES*- Gods Providence/Gods Will- Bradford suggests that this journey was harder than that of the Israelites - When stealing corn: reference to Moses when he was sent out to search the wilderness and came back with clusters of grapes. -- there was no labor involved in getting the grapes for Israelites, so doesn't feel bad/making an excuse for stealing the corn -- instruments of God. -- Recognition for a moment that this was stealing, then takes it back- The First Encounter - believed this to be Gods will that they were able to win the fight. To us, they just won because of the better technology (guns), but Bradford truly believed in his Puritan beliefs that God gave the English the better technology for a reason. - God likes people to know where they stand -- Hierarchy- Trading Guns: Bradford describes Mortons act of trading guns as a threat to the English, but actually the threat in the NA's wanting equality in the future through a revolution.*KEY TERMS/HINTS* - Traveling over seas- Barbarians- References to Israelites- Wilderness- Gods Providence- Against NA's

- In response to Bradford's text- New English Canaan shows his sensuality, worldliness, and tolerance of the NA's, making him a huge enemy of the religious exiles who didn't celebrate holidays -- shows his ideological differences with the self-important pilgrims (shown clearly in his poems about dancing and drinking with the NA's)Thomas morton nice to NA's, Bradford against NA's *DETAILED SUMMARY*- MayDay, decide to drink for the holiday while they raise the MayPole- Writes a song for the occasion that makes no sense in order to make the Separatists confused and feel stupid - Separatists (Plymouth) saw the pole as a threat, named the plantation Mount Dagon- Morton writes a fun and cheery song about drinking and dancing around the maypole- Lots of Greek names and analogies- Plymouth and separatists envied the prosperity that Morton and Merrymount were getting out of the fur trade- All small plantations team up with Plymouth to take down Merrymount and Morton- Lots of threatening speeches about him and his habitat- Morton goes to the inlands to trade with the NA's for beaver, Separatists track him down - 1st Attack: Morton doesn't know attack is coming, so gives up without a fight.

Ones who capture him are super excited so they get drunk, Morton runs away back to Merrymount- Morton and 2 assistants prepare for the second attack- 2nd Attack: Captain Standish and 8 others come to his home. Morton says he wants no violence because needs his strength for the trip back to England. Standish and gang completely disregard this and use violence to forcefully take him- burn down his house- Morton exiled on an island before taken to England- Gets back to England and all charges are dropped because not enough sufficient evidence. *PROFESSORS NOTES*- Mayday Poem: they can't understand the poem, uses the poem in order to prove that he's smarter than the other separatist puritans- Bradford and Morton's explanations of the attacks are different*KEY TERMS/HINTS*- Uses lots of weird Greek names- Lavish writing, songs, poems- Merrymount- Drinking, dancing, holidays- Mine host

- Good puritan wife, looks after kids, etc. - Then has a radical experience that changes her views- Captivity Narrative -- the first of this genre (tend to use typology to describe experiences) - NA's taking over plantations and homes, killing and taking English captive- Come to Mary Rowlandson's home, 37 people in house, 12 dead, 24 taken captive- split up mothers and children (Mary talks about how it is a great cruelty to remove and separate family's) (Against Puritan Doctrine of weaned affection to believe that) - Mary discusses how terrible it is to see all of your friends, family and Christians writhing in pain or dead while NA's celebrating -- but thanks God for preserving many of them from death- Goes through many different Removes, loses her child (contemplates suicide -- against doctrine of weaned affection), can't see her other children or family.

But thanks God for keeping her healthy- Mary realizes that she never spent Sabbath correctly, and that maybe that is why this was all happening to her, but that God has shown her mercy. - receives a Bible -- sign from God -- reads to comfort her- The Native Americans Rowlandson is with begin to move quickly through the forest as she suspects the British army must be close by- Rowlandson and the Indians cross a river to meet King Philip- Rowlandson sews for the Indians for food- Rowlandson wants to go to Albany in hopes of being sold for gunpowder but the Indians take her northward and cross the river again- Reed tells Rowlandson that her husband is alive and well, which gives her hope and comfort- messengers telling Rowlandson she must go to Wachuset where the Indians will discuss her possibility of returning to freedom- on her journey, disheartened by the sight of an injured colonist from a previous Indian attack- She reaches Wachuset and speaks to King Philip who guarantees she will be free in two weeks, being sold to her husband for 20 pounds- After many more Indian attacks and victories Rowlandson is allowed to travel back to Lancaster, then to Concord and finally to Boston. She is reunited with her husband after 11 long weeks. They stay with a friend in Concord for a while until Rowlandson's sister, son, and daughter are returned.

Now back together, the family builds a house in Boston where they live until 1677.yay happy ending- Begins all of the 5 passages by emphasizing the weaknesses of the British army, thinking they should have won but that it was Gods will that they defeated the British- Praises God for hindering the British and helping the NA's- when NA's seem to be about to fully will, he switches and helps out the english

Anne Bradstreet accompanied William Bradford on MayflowerPuritan Beliefs but had never actually seen any miracles by God - Anne Bradstreet writes a poem that she doesn't think is very good, friends think differently so steal the book and publish it. - Bradstreet personifies her book as her child- Tries to make edits to fix her work, but just makes it worse- Book should never come into the hands of critics- Bashes her book the entire poem- Then at the end she wants it to be known that the book was written by only her (could be referring to women's rights, or so that no one else gets blamed for bad work), also talking as if she was the one to get it published because she needed money. - Poem intended for what she would say to her book that she didn't know was published - the child of her brain- no father, bastard child -- demeaning her work- if the poems are bad its because I'm a woman*Hinting towards the limitations of being a Puritan woman. Personification of her book as her child shows that her life was consumed by her wifely duties -- how can you think you can only make God a priority?*

- Pregnant woman fearing death in childbirth- Writing to her husband to still love her and never forget her when she's gone. - almost asking him to be more attached to her when she's dead- remember only the good things about me - if you're feeling good and find happiness look to our children to remember me- kiss the pages of this poem as if they're me - even if God takes me from you, you should go against God's will to still love me --> against the puritan doctrine of weaned affection

- author so in love with her husband and sad that he's always away while she's still in Massachusetts- he seems so far away - so many steps from head to heart but the neck connects them - hoping that soon they will be together again- when he's around she always feels warm, but now she lies cold in the winter (capricorn)- hard to look at her kids because they resemble her husband- when he comes back from the south she hopes he will never leave again- Biblical allusions to Genesis to justify why one should be attached to their spouse- going against the doctrine of weaned affection

- first begins by stating her physical/earthly attachment to her grandchild- why should I be upset that you're gone if you're going to Heaven? -- Spiritual vs Earthly- talks about trees and nature etc that die at the end of a long life.

-- Baby's death unnatural, so because unnatural, shows God's praise that he took her to heaven -- because baby couldn't have done anything wrong yet, so must be going to heaven, so we should be happy rather than sad.

- Everything going well in authors life, so not expecting any sorrow upon going to sleep that night- wakes up to screams and her house on fire- turns all of her possessions into dust- gives thanks to God because technically they were his things so he had the right to take them- when she walks by the remains she feels sad that none will ever be in there again, says goodbye to the house and all of the things she loved because she knows that she has a better house waiting for her in heaven. - Even if God took everything from you, what he left (your life and faith) would be sufficient- Indirectly references her attachments to people and the loss of her past and future

- Benjamin Franklin asked him to come to Philadelphia because he is a genius - became a journalist in Phili, spokesperson against slavery- too hot tempered for public employment, so lost his officer positions. - uses plain style of writingREASON vs FEELING -- innate faculties in humans which allows them to make decisions that benefit themselves and their communitiesNATURE- the order of things as created by God- Uses all of this in order to argue for political independence- Im going to give you the facts, you can use your reason and feeling to do the rest

argues that eventually there will be a broad "Christianity" not hella different sects -- distinctions will become less and lessreligious indifference -- okay to have different religions -- no forced faith. America vs Europe Book published in England, so had to balance out his opinions --- Cleverly plays into English ideals by saying that though America is its own, all of their ideals technically come from the English because they all originated from here.