CSET Multiple Subjects – History and Social Science Vocabulary

A man-made channel constructed to convey water from one location to another

A brief attempt at the beginning of the Mexican-American War to establish an independent California republic

The code of knights in feudal Japan, the equivalent of chivalry in Europe

A "sacred expedition" in which twenty-one Spanish Catholic missions were established, spaced to be a single days travel apart on El Camino Real (the Royal Road)

Residents of the rancho system in California just before the Mexican-American War, mainly comprised of Mexican citizen who idetified more as Californios than Mesicans

An economic system regulated by the state that encourages the accumulation of weath and property by individuals

A division of society based on differences of wealth, inherited rank or privledge, profession, or occupation, not allowed to move from one caste to another

A federal water project undertaken by the Bureau of Reclamation in 1935 as a long-term plan to effectively use water in California's central valley

Written into the Constitution, this concept is one of the cornerstones of our republic, encompassing three branches of governement and a system for them to act as watchdogs for the others

To sail completely around the earth

The first known written legal code, developed in ancient Babylong, predated the justinian Code by about 2,000 years

An economic system in which the state controls the means of production and distributes the profits

Spanish exploreres that sought the riches of Central and South America, establishing colonies along the way

Japanese feudal lord

One of the first two political parties in the United States, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison; opposed the Federalist party and was strongly in favor of individual rights

A social science deaing with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services

A proclamation made by President Lincoln in1863 freeing all slaves in regions still fighting against the Union

A branch of the system of checks and balances that sees that the country's laws are executed

A system of government consisting of self-regluating regions (states) united by a central (federal) government

A series of articles written in 1787 by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to gain popular support for the then-proposed Constitution

A social economic, and political system in which power is decentralized, and a varying number of lords hold land on which they allow others to live and work in return for loyalty and service

Land held by lorders under the feudal system

Nickname for the influx of people that arrived in California, staring in 1849, in search of gold

A minor but influential political party int he pre-Civil War period that opposed the extention of slavery into the western territories

A 1907 treaty with Japan that allowed wives to joing their husbands in the U.S. on the condition that the Japanese government deny exit visas to any men wishing to emigrate to the United States

A religious revival in the colonies during the first part of the 18th century

A decision made by the Constitutional Congress splitting Congress into two houses, one based on population (House of Rep) and the other based on equal representations (Senate)

An early society in which men hunted for meat and women gathered more readily available food

A process that gives individual citizens, or groups of citizens, the power to place a proposed law on the ballot

British reaction to the Boston Tea Party, including more rigid restrictions on colonial town meetins and other harsh penalties

A branch of the system of checks and balances that interprets Congressional laws

Consdiered to be the basis for the justice system in use throughout much of the Western world, including the United States

Established to settle the Californio's land claims during the first few years of California's statehood

The basic economic principle stating that is suppply is greater than demand, the value of the product is lower, if demand is greater than supply, the value is higher

The branch of the system of checks and balances that makes Congressional laws

The 1803 purchase made by President Thomas Jefferson that essentially doubled the United States territory

An 1845 phrase encapsulating the American version of the Western Expansion

The practice of state regulation and control of an economy

The 1820 legislation that tried to resolve the conflicts reaised by the addition of new territories as either slave or non-slave owning areas

The worship of only one god

A concept espoused by southerners following the Missouri Compromise that would have given southern states the right to refuse to obey laws that they did not agree with

A term used to describe the Central Pacifics Railroad's monopoly for having an arm in practically every sector of California's commerce

A religious group who had broken away from the Church of England, first relocating to Holland to escape persecution, then setting sail in the fall of 1620 to become the first settlers to arrive in Massachusetts

the idea that political authority belongs to the people

Forts build by the Spanish to offer protection to california's missionaries and settlers during periods of violent revolt by native workers

Towns based around California's missions and presidios, built around a church and a town square

A land allotment system defined by a few large landowners and many landless workers

A mechanism fo rending an elected official's tenure before its scheduled completion

President Lincoln's first priority after the Civil War to reconcile the warring sides and rebuild areas affected by the war

A statute or amendment that has passed the state legislature, which is then placed the proposed law on the ballot for approval by the electorate, allows the California electorate to rescind legislatin that has already become law

A religious beleif in which, after physical death, a rebirth in another body occurs, a central tenet of Hinduism, among other religions

Interment camps that held people of Japanese descent durin World War II

A French word meaning, rebirth, the name given to the flowering of European culture at the end of the medieval period

That self-given right of seven states to the lower South to leave the Union is they so desired

A philosophy, along with election rules, that was designed to deny blacks the right to vote after reconstruction ended

Peasants who work on land in a feudal system

In Feudal Japan, the equivalent of a medieval Eupopean king

A nickname for the Southern part of San Francisco Bay Area in the northern California, originally referring to the concentration of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers, but eventually referring to the concentration of all types of high-tech businesses

An economic system in which workers control the means of production and share in the profits for their labors

A plan created by President Lincoln before his assassination, and carried out by the successor, Andrew Johnson, stating that a state could be readmitted to the Union if ten percent of the former Confederates in the state who had voted in the 1860 election vowed loyalty to the union

An initial rule in the constituion stating that in state population counts, each slave would count for three-fifths of one person

The equivilent of a knight in the feudal system

The start and end of the Age of Discovery

Countries that competed for land

Shipbuilding and Commerce

Farming and Commerce

Tobacco, cotton and slavery

An early colonial attempt at representative self-government (1619), first legislative assembly of the colonies

Basis of government by the consent of the governed

Europeans and Africans

Philosopher, inventor, politician who had great influence over many years

Defined the Northwest Territory and the way the US would be set up

Leader of the movement towards Independence, very outspoken

The first constitution of the United States of America

Responsible for writing most of the Declaration of Independence

A division of government powers between a strong central government and the state governments

Like the English Parliment, the new state legislatures were...

Reaction of the English Government to the colonial protest against the stamp act

Reaction of the British Government to the Boston Tea Party

The colonists strongest weapon against the unpopular British Tax measures

Settled by gentleman adventurers, landless and poor men who wanted to improve finances, in the original settlement, no women, first slaves were brought here from Africa, tobacco was first cultivated as a moneymaking crop by this settlement, first representative of government

Three fourths of white population was middle class, more social equality than in England, hired farmhands and indentured servants were in lower class, lawyers and merchants were upper class.

The law the Bostonians protested when soldiers fired on the mobs in the Boston Massacre

Success of the colony sparked a huge migration to the New World from England, signed an agreement among themselves they would have a government based on the church's teachings, came to America seeking freedom from religous persecution

Nathanial Bacon lead this colony in a rebellion against the colonial government protesting the Government's Indian policy

Sought to control colonial trade because it did not want competition with it's own manufacturers

The colonist gained a sense of independence because they challenged church beliefs, they felt unified because of a common religion, ties between church and state weakened, a greater sense of equality because preachers stressed equality of all

Led an armed uprising of 1,200 farmers

Wrote Common Sense

Stamp, Declatory, Townshend, Boston Massacre

Turning point in England's domination over North America (1756- 1763)

English Mercantile policy discouraged economic independence, Colonial concepts of political and economic freedom, Colonies used boycotts and other measures, Declaration of Independence stated the purposes for the Colonial break with England

(1765) - The first direct tax to be levied on the American colonies, it required that all newspapers, pamphlets, legal documents, commercial bills, advertisements, and other papers issued in the colonies bear a stamp. The act was denounced in the colonies by those it most affected: businessmen, merchants, journalists, lawyers, and other powerful persons

(1767) - taxed many products such as paper, glass and tea

(1770) - British troops fire on crowd of Bostonians

(1773) - The Tea Act, passed by Parliament in May of 1773, would launch the final spark to the revolutionary movement in Boston. The act was not intended to raise revenue in the American colonies, and in fact imposed no new taxes. It was designed to prop up the East India Company which was floundering financially and burdened with eighteen million pounds of unsold tea. This tea was to be shipped directly to the colonies, and sold at a bargain price. The Townshend Duties were still in place, however, and the radical leaders in America found reason to believe that this act was a maneuver to buy popular support for the taxes already in force. The direct sale of tea, via British agents, would also have undercut the business of local merchants

(1773) - A group of colonists, led by Samuel Adams, Paul Revere, and others, disguised themselves as Native Americans, boarded English ships on the night of Dec. 16, 1773, and threw the tea into the harbor

(1774) - Britain attempts to gain control of the colonies in response to Boston Tea Party by closing the Boston Harbor, enforcing quartering, closing town meetings and trying British citizens in Britain

(1775) - Paul Revere, "British are coming...", "Shots heard around the world". The Revolution had begun

Stamp Act, Townshend Act, Boston Massacre, Tea Act, Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts, British March on Concord and Lexington

The American Revolution was fought to obtain independence

Colonial Armies were underequipped, widespread opposition to fixed military terms

His leadership turned the tide of the battle

1778 - Brought needed men, equipment and money to American cause

1781 - This defeat brought victory to the colonies

1781 - 1789

National Government did not have the power to regulate foreign trade, had no court system, no independent taxing power, could not enforce national laws

Conflicting interest of small vs large states

Feared a strong central government

Were not ratified for four years because Maryland refused to ratify them

Outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory

Wrote the Federalist Papers

The need for a strong central government led to the framing of the constituion in what year

Federal system which divided fedeal and state power, seperation of powers, and checks and balances to limit power of central government, legislative, executive and judicial branch created to divide power, bill of rights added to protect the people

Refers to powers shared by the national government and state governments

Powers set aside for state governments

Powers assigned the National Government

Two thirds vote of Congress and then three fourths vote of the states to ratify

Allows congress to make laws on issues not mentioned in the Constitution

Gave 18 year olds the right to vote

Senators to be directly elected by the people

Guaranteed black americans the righ to vote

Gave people the right to stand up to Government

States that the people have the power to establish and change rules

War fought between US and Great Britain over neutrality and impressment of US Sailors - US victory, resulted in National pride, self sufficiency, and foreign credibility

Scope and authority of Supreme Court, The Era of good feelings (political success of the Republican party), The Monroe Doctrine, development of a new American culture

The New Nation - Alexander Hamilton was part of this era

National Govt paid back state, national, and foreign debts to demonstrate credibility; National Govt encouraged American Business expansion by passing excise tax and a tariff; National Government raised revenue by a tax on domestic whiskey

Federalist Party - Strong central government ruled by manufacturing interests (Hamilton). Favored rich and wealthy Antifederalist Party - limited federal power based on farming interests (Jefferson) believed in worth of the individual

Strength of foreign policy during the early national period

Greatest Real Estate Purchase in U.S. history (1803)

The rise of the common man. War against the bank and tariff were key issues for the new democratic party; Jackson initiated the spoils system (political enemies are replaced by political friends); Jackson pursued nationalistic policies

They opposed the democrats belief in states' rights and instead favored a strong national government.

Contributed to the growth of slavery

1820 - Limited the spread of slavery

1837 - Added potential slave territory to the United States

1848 - Was criticized as a proslavery, expansionist war

Transportation, education, politics, mining and agriculture

Coasts (trading, transportation, Presidio military protection); Mountains: Smaller Valleys: Vast Lands (huge cattle ranches large game in over 1/2 state); Many streams and Rivers (fish were abundent, fertile for crops)

This ideology encouraged U.S. expansion to the Pacific

Texas annexed to the United States

Oregon annexed to the United States

1848 - California, parts of the southwest were gained

16th Century - Benefited most from slavery

Years of the Civil War

Individual state rights, slavery, cotton, and the election of Abraham Lincoln as president

Manpower, firepower, economic resources

Leadership, territory

Isolating the South

1863 - This battle ended the souths chance of foreign recognition

General who commanded the Confederate Army during the Civil War

General who led the Union Army to victory in the Civil War

President Lincoln realized the war would be long and hard

The New York City Riots were protest against

Capitol of the South

Help turned the tide so that Lincoln was able to win a second term in 1864

Victory gave Lincoln the right moment to make the Emancipation Procolomation

Lee surrendered to Grant

Meant that the union controlled the entire Mississippi River

Capitol of the North

Little Napoleon, suffered several defeats, replaced, put back in command, and replaced again

...his troops were trapped by Grant's Army

Battle that followed the second Bull Run

Turning point of the war

The south asked these two countries for help during the Civil War

Not a victory for Grant

Farthest north the confederates were able to get, called the "High water mark of confederacy"

Presidential plan emphasized tolerance for the defeated South (congress won with radical plan)

Congressional (Radical) plan emphasized the use of military force in treating the South like a conquered territory (congress won over presidential plan)

1868 - 1876

Civil Rights Bills Passed 14th & 15th Amendment

Impeached for opposing Radical Reconstruction

Social justice for blacks, National committment to equal opportunity

Framers who were provided some land, housing and supplies by white landowners in return for giving landowners a portion of their crops

A result of the presidential election of 1876

Native white southerners who had opposed secession and who had cooperated with the Republicans during reconstruction

Dissolved the government of all the Confederate States except Tennessee and divided the remaining Southern States into five districts

Homestead Act (1862); Transcontinental Railroad (1869)

Mining, cattle, and grain. Farmers and ranchers settled the Great Plains

Communcation and Transportation

New methods of production (assembly line, mass production); inventions; Expanding markets at home and abroad; Development of steel, mining, electrical, petrolium, textile and food processing industries

Stopped merchant ships and demanded tolls without authorization (12th & 13th centuries); businessman amasssing huge fortunes through unfair business practice (19th century)

Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890), Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914). The National Labor Relations Act (1935) - collective bargaining rights for employees.

1898 - Resulted in the ceding of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Phillipines to the United States

1917

Wilsons Fourteen Points, Failure of congress to ratify

1929

Growth of monopolies, unequal distribution of income, and overspeculation in the stock market

Franklin Roosevelt initiated The New Deal

1) Government programs to provide jobs for the unemployed 2) Broadened the scope of the federal government's activities. 3) Permanently expanded the role of the presidency

John F. Kennedy's Pledge was to resolve domestic and cold war problems, expand the Space Program and Civil Rights legislation

1964 - It attempted to continue New Deal type programs. Aims were ending poverty, reducing pollution, regenerating urban life, and pursuing Civil Rights legislation

Created an oil embargo

Reagan's appointments to the Supreme Court

Redefined American Global Interests

President Nixon established better realations with these countries

1974 - Destroyed the credibility of the American Government

Iranian Hostage Situation Years

Soviets invade Afghanistan

Massive federal budget cuts, welfare reduced, personal and corporate taxes reduced, tax plan was characterized as "trickle-down" economics

Trade gap widened. Japan and Germany surpassed the U.S. in automobiles and airlines

...ruined Gerald Ford's political future

1) Energy Crisis 2) Israel and Egypt signed historic peace treaty, but key problems were left unsolved. 3) Need for alternate sources of energy 4) Detente with Russia suffered serious setbacks 5) Inflation

Admistration supported massive build up of the defense program

Noriega was removed from Panama through the use of U.S. force in

The Tianament Square pro-democracy movement in China occurred in

Economic sanctions were lifted against South Africa when it shifted away from apartheid in

The GDP dropped. Unemployment increased. The "Big Three" automakers posted record losses. Bankruptcies increased. The Fed lowered interest rates in an attempt to stimulate the economy (1991-1992).

Bush Supreme Court appointments

Eastern European Communism collapsed in

Soviet Union was desolved in

The Cold War officially ended at the Bush-Gorbachev Summits in

Bush raised taxes on these items in 1990 to decrease the decifit

The Savings and Loan bankruptcies resulted in massive federal intervention to cover

Hussein invaded Kuwait

Persian Gulf War

Villages on lagoons or mouth streams and lower Klamath River. Accumulated wealth, sets of dance regalia and ceremonial gatherings. Distinctive clothing, abundant natural resources, permanent villages. Harvested fish, deer, elk, acorns. Used wood from forest to create homes and household items (stools, storage boxes)

Rabbits and other small game, bows and arrows or nets and snares. Accorns, mequite pods, pinon nuts, and other fruit of cacti. Planeted crops when water sufficient, pottery by coiling narrow ropes of clay.

Annual migration, in spring gathered budding plans and small game. Harvested dried pipening cactus fruites for winter storage. Moved to higher elevations in August, harvested acorns and pinon nuts before returning to winter villages.

Small rainfall, vegetation scarce, bands were migratory, shifting from place to place in search of water and food. Men hunted, women gathered seeds, nuts and fruits. Distinctive form of acgricutlre based on communal labor. Created ditches and dams to irrigate various wild plants.

Social rank on basis of wealth. Retained privledges passing fortunes to next generations. Salmon and acorn diet. Rituals like White Deerskins and Jumping Dances. Dance done to ward off disease and famin. Recite long narratives and display wealthy objects.

Led by a headman or timiwal. Appointed by council and served for life. Primary counselor, arbritator. Diet of acorns, six differenct species of oaks and pinon nuts. Gathereed from eastern slopes of Sierra Nevada. Small seeds and berries were gathered. Fish were caught in the mountain streams and rivers. Also deer, bear, mountain lion, mounain sheep and antelope.

Largest villages in CA, some 2000 people. Home of poles driven into the ground and arched in the center, with thatch of interwoven graases and ferns. Brilliant rock paintings, found in caves and on rocks in Southern CA, abstract and highly stylized and imaginative.

Fished on canoe shaped rafts, relied heavily on salmon and acorns. Haproons and dragnets to fish. Groves of lvalley oaks, great amounts of acorns for thick suop. San Joaquin Valley, wetlands, birds, duck, geese, elk, antelope.

Best known as CA basketmakers, twined and coilded ware in many shapes. Otlined with brightly colored feathers, plumes, beads, and shells.

Distinct social class, elite were wealthy individuals and headmen Marriage only in same class.

River valley villages, families owned their hunting and fishing ground, tobacco plots and oak trees. Real estate passed on through the males. Money was clamshell disks and dentalia.

High value or hard work. Trout and fish gathered with nests in rivers and lakes. Rabbits hunted in groups. Larger game by individuals, trned over kill to village for general use. Sixth days set for rest, Big annual celebration autumnal pakapi or "big time" enoto celebrate enough food for coming winter.

One of most popular in CA, from Pacific Coast to Sierra nevada. Earth covered homes, in Sierra Nevada houses were three or four layers of bark. Homes near coast were interlocking poles of willow or driftwood. Bunchess of grass or reeds tied in rows to frame.

Deer in Noorthern CA, plentfiu. venison and deerskin for clothing. Shamans played a key role, had healing ability from tamakomi, "medicine or power. Half of shamans were women.

Cluster of three to five small villages around a centraly village. Lands were held in common. Each tribe servered as part of a political organization. the Leader played a fairly minor role exept during time of war or talk of peace.

California to Alaska, dense woodlands of redwoods. Great rainfall, social status dertmined by objects, Rich men led, tribes include Yurok , Hupa and Shasta

Desolate areas, scare food, hunting small game and seeds and roots. Thinly settled, tribues include Achumawi and Atsugewi.

Central coast throughout Sacramento and San Joaquin Valley, mild climate and plants and animals abundant. Tribal dress and housing relfected climate. Best basket skills of all, tribes include Yokuts, Miwodk, Maidu, and Pomo.

Most lands along the eastern border of the state. Food and water scacre, tribes had to move frequently in search of food like rats and rabbits. Tribes include, Tubatulabal, and the Owens Valley Paiute.

Supplemented their hunting with agrictulre. Grew corn, beans and pumpkins in fertile flood plains. Traded with many tribes, tribes include (Quechan (Yuma) Halchidhoma, Mohave.

Some of most popular tribes in CA, villags along the souther coast, sustained by sea life, as many as two thousand redisents each. Tribes are Kumeyaay (Diegueno), Cahuilla, Tongva, (Gabrielino) and Chumash

Criminal supsects must be informed of their miranda rights

Created Judicial Review, ability to reivew a law for viloations

State courts are required by the 6th and 14th amendments, right to speedy process, counsel

Suprmeme court outlawed racial segragation, overrulled seperate but equal.

Ruled that african americans could never become citizens, in slavery or not.

Declared National Labor Relations (Wagner Act) was constitutional. Greatly increased congress power under Commerce Clause.

Eastablished that the constitution grants to conress implied powers inherent in the nature of the Constitution as a blueprint for a practical functioning government, and the state action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal Government

Approved racial segregation, seperate but equal

Enacted the "malice" standard allowed free reporting

The power to regulate interstate navigation was reserved to congress and trumps the power of the state

12 Year term for Supreme Court justices, greater details, greater degree of voter control, in both Houses, representation is based on districts that are determined by size of population, senators serve four year terms

American Indians agriculture and medical wisdonm

Greatest contribution of ancient Hebrew civilation to modern western civilation

Southern whites who allied with the radicals

Northerners who went South to assist in Reconstruction

Most common religion of Arabian civilization

To win favors of the gods, who according to their beleifs, governed the life of mankind and the cycles of nature

Christ's own words render taxes to Caesar and delcared to continue resistance to taxes would equal betraying the State and aiding enemies of the state

Ancient Civiliation that Confucianism originated

Proposed the beginning of Europe's Scientific Revolution, that Earth revolved around the sun

Common reason given for the development of Feudalism

Required colonies to provide quarters and supplies for Royal troops

Merchants and manufacturers found themselves suddenly exposed to intense competition for those of eastern cities, loss of jobs with railroad done

Tigres, Euphrates Valley, Fertile Crescent, and Nile Vallyez

Forbade import of rum, duty on molasses , wines, silks, coffee and number of luxury items

Aztecs are from this period in Mesoamerican History

Ended Feb 2, 1848 with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Solved the problem of isolation in California 1969

In 1763 a royal proclomation reserved all Western territory between Alleghencies, the Florida's and the Mississippi, and Quebec to be used by the

Central figure in the ancient Inca religion

Epics of Illiad and Odyssey come from

Created the first unified state in Inida (Indian) history

In Medieval Europe, the legalization and imperialization of the Christian Faith forever changed the form and function of Christianity by whom

Mesopotamian Civilization Period

Placed limitations on the Crown

Grapes of Wrath

Egyptian Civilation began

California's two major mountain ranges are the Coast Ranges and...

Constitutes legitimate government and under what conditions men were justified in resorting to armed revolution to change it

Japan feudalism had as its basis

King, Baron, Bishop, Lord, Peasant

Largest desert in Calfornia

Political party that wanted close ties with England

Created the first written philosophy

Kushite Religion, Egyptian Religion

California 1821 - 1846 dominant institutions were

Sounded the Death knell of feudalism

Economic and social units of life in early Middle Ages

Earliest form of Capitalism

A series of Islands

European settlers to the New World in the 16th & 17th Century often failed to recognize the

Religon of ancient Indian (India) civilization

Primary economic activity in Arabia

In 1829 inaugural address, he set a policy to relocate Eastern Indians

Known for first explorers (1000 BC), traders, colonizers, first alphabet, dominated Mediteranean commerce, exported glass and purple dye

Prior to Jim Crow Laws, prior to reconstruction

Feather art in the form of a war bonnet

Decorated pottery and baskets, quiltwork and beadwork, and wood ritual masks

Romans were first civilization to build..

The French threatened not only the British Empire, but the American colonists for holding the Mississippi Valley, Franch could...

Indus River played a central part in this civilizations history

An informal meeting of party leaders who decide which candidates they will support

Greatest contribution from ancient Greece to Western Civilization

One of China's greatest dynasties

China's first dynasty

Europes Renaissance, Age of Discovery, Copernican Revolution

Earliest sophisticated culture of the Andean Highland civilization

No taxation without representation

Animal that became synonymous with the fur trade in the first half of the 19th century

The admission of Maine as a free state preserved the slave state/free state balance in the senate

"We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men and women are created equal....."

Water distribution system that provides water to the Imperial Valley

Common characteristic that linked missions, presidios, and pueblos

After Mexico defeated the Spanish and gained control of California, the Mexican goverment....

Prior to Mexican American war, the most important industry in California was (1821 - 1848)

Campaign to encourage women to sek work in wartime industrial plants

Background of immigrants had same identifying factors that were associated with the immigration to Ellis Island in the early 20th century

Group that historically experienced the most discrimination (California Constitution statutes)

River Valleys where there was an abudance of fertile soil and fresh water

Hinduism strongly influenced ancient indian civilation through

Annual floods, enriched lands for farming and cattle, timber and iron ore deposits, capital on major trade routes, riches from gold and emerald mines

Influence of ancient Rome on later development of European civilization

Political instability and use of mercenary armies undermined the security of the empire

Political instability and use of mercenary armies undermined the security of the empire

Catholic churches influenced development in medieval Europe

The mountains of western South American were an impediment to building an empire, prompting the development of sophisticated engineering technologies

Voyage of exploration commanded by John Cabot, Jacques Cartier, and Henry Hudson

Establishment of a colony to create a Bible commonwealth

Patriot victory at Battle of Saratoge (1777) prompted by France to sign a treaty with American leaders

Protect sovereignty of the states

Strong manufacturing base

More experienced officer corps

1876 Election

Substantial increase in Asian population

Industry major turning point in California

Lack of resistance to European disease disseminated the populations

Irrigation projects in the barren southern plains, agricultural advances, much food, allowed civilization to develop

Created Great Wall of China, use of currency, weight and measure standardized, tomb of terra-cotta army

Division of defined classes, merchant middle class

Founding of the Society of Jesus, revival of the inquisition, estblishment of the Index of Prohibited Book, Adherence to the Council of Trent

Religions established in China as a result of the cross-cultural contact associated with the Silk Road

Constantinople controlled both the Mediterranan Sea and the Black Sea trade routes

Introduction of new math concepts such as algebra and calculus

American industry propspered when trade was restricted by the British during the war

to gain an accurate sense of the resources being exchanged in the Louisiana Purchase

Military conquest and trade incentives

Period of European hisotry that produced advances in science that revolutionalized of Earths's place wtihin the universe

Chinese philosophical system that emphasizes living in balance with the natural world, everything has its place yin and yang

Emphasizes mindfulness of an orderly society

Practiced primarily in India and very little in China

Law of supply and demand

Driving force of explorations of Americas

Practiced by European nations in an effort to assure properity by regulating and coordinting the production of goods, while protecting domestic economies from foreign competition.

Economic philosophy espoused by Karl Marx that distributes wealth to the workers that produce it

Extends socialistic redistribution of wealth by the state to include government control in social and political areans as well

An informal system of the exchange of goods and services among individuals

Invention that launched the industrial age

First declaration of self-government in the new world

Washington D.C. shares this complaint

George Mason in objections to the constituion represented which group

Missouri Compromise of 1820 was designed to resolve conflict in this area

Union used Naval force most effectively to

The Homestead Act of 1862 led to a displacement of this group

Restrict growth of corporations

Greatest effect on the growing political, economic and social cohesion of the US during the last half of the 19th century

Shared by geographically seperated native California people in pre-columbian times

Enviornmentally destructive mining process in the Gold Rush and wound down in 1853

Attracted the largest number of Chinese immigrants to US after gold rush

1911 new California State Legislation inspired by the national progressive movement

California's "Ellis Island" entry point for many European immigrants to US

Caused a wave of immigration into California in the 1930's

Imperial Valley water flow from Colorado River, tried to increase water flow and the flood created the

Manmade lakes

Natural lake that has been threatened by the water needs of L.A.

WPA Central Valley Project irrigated large portions of the central valley at expense of wetlands to the north, US government response to which event

Federal Government response to the Great Depression, overwhelming unemployment and need for public works. Many dams and large sclae projects, Central Valley Project, Shasta Dam (second largest dam in the US, after Hoover dam - also WPA project)

Credited with first implementation of democracy into government (citizens held public meetings, pass law, choose officials) No slaves, women or foreigners

Hieroglyphics

First written language

Hammurabi - The first written code of law

Olmec, Mayan, Toltec, Aztec

Caused the Protestant Reformation

Belief in reincarnation, belief that through meditation one can frind freedom from suffering and enter Nirvana, respect for all living creatures

Koran

First European explorer to reach Inida by sea

First European explorer to reach coastal California (1542)

First European explorer to circumnavigate the globe

Explored area that was to become the southwest of US (1540)

Explored Florida in 1513, claimed area for spain

Most closely associated with the development of a theocracy in America

Theocracy, a governemtn by ecclesiastical authorities, civil authority residing with clergy.

Land ownership and wealth were prerequisites to direct involvement in the government

Federal troops were withdrawn from the South, ending Reconstruction

The trade-union movement, government protection of management through the use of court injunctions, the growth of suburbs, the dehumanizing aspects of technological innovations

Coast Range, Central Valley, Sierra Nevada

Hydraulic mining

Used tar to waterproof their canoes

To maintain self-sufficient agricultural economy that produced a food surplus

Without evidence of disloyalty it demonstrated that constitutional safeguards could be rendered ineffective in wartime

Power to veto specific sections of a spending bill

They replaced the Japanese as low-paid agricultural workers

to provide a greater voice in determining national politics

To link the demands of women to the greivance of the Revolutionary generation

The United States obtained posession of this region in an 1846 treaty with Great Britian

Growing criticism of the mission system prompted efforts to transfer mission holding into private hands

Growing proportion of Latinos in CA population

The Roman Empire

Influenced by Hinduism, underwent waves of invasion from Persia and Asia, divided into multiple regions

Not a feature of ancient Inida

Transiton of hunting and gathering to agriculture in early Mespotamia

Granting land use within a fief, ceremonies of homage and fealty, vassals commitment to provide military service to a lord

Gold over land assets as currency

Sanctification of knighthood, the sacking of Constantinople and other parts of Asia minor, the waning of the practice of alchemy as a medicine

Attempt to change base metals into gold

A revival of learning based on classical sources, development of highly realistic linear perspective in art, discarding of the Aristolean "final cause" in favor of scientific method

Great advances in the field of metal making

Free market capitalism

A polytheistic society located in Central America that made great advances in science and mathematics, but collapsed due to unknown causes

British colony founded by puritans seeking to create a new, pure church in the americas

British acquired Florida as a result

Freedom of religion, commercial considerations, overpopulation

Portion of the triangular trade route used in the Atlantic slave trade

Forced quartering of British soldiers, excessive tarriffs, Intolerable acts

Enlightenment concepts such as natural law and self-determination, dissolving allegiances to the British crown, clear listing of the colonies, reasons for rebellion

I provided for a strong central government and federal taxation

Development of new weaving and ironworking techniques, vast expansion and improvement in the roads and waterways, greatly increased prosperity and political power for middle class

Most restricted Japanes immigration to US

CA land boom (1880's), gold rush (1850), the great depression (1930's)

Both have executive, judicial and legislative branch

Aerospace

Both a bureaucratically administered state

Agean civilization developed a flourishing culture as a direct result of trade and commerce on the Aegean Sea

Yellow river

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

Nile River

Fusion of Greek and Eastern cultures, increase in international trade and commerce, end of the Greek city-state system as a major political setting

Gain permanent access to the Mediterranean Sea

No formal countries, but the fiefdom held economic and political power

Church became the preserver of civilization in both political and religious life

Galileo

Large quanitites of coal and iron, rapid increase in middle class, large supply of cheap labor

Absolutism

Capitalism

Initial control of Southwest of N. America and Florida

Initial control of Mississippi River, Louisiana Territory, Great Lakes, Canada

Georgia

Maryland, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania

France viewed the revolution as a means to gain territory at the expense of Britain, France wanted to limit the economic growth of England, France and England were already at war on the European continent

Ideals of social contract borrowed heavily from John Locke

Local governments are sovereign in matters of local concern

Because of the expansionist goals of the West

The concept of religious freedom

Mississipppi River

Vetoed numerous Radical Republican congressional acts

Federalist, Democratic, Whig, Republican

Barbed wire

Northern and Western Europe

Abundant natural resources, access to Great Lakes and ports of foreign shipments, availability of cheap labor

CA had greatest concentration of Indians in N. America

Temprary resolution to the free/slave state controversey

Central Valley and the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada

Unionization of migrant farm workers

Adding amendments to the CA constitution to protect workers rights, passage of initiative, referendum, and recall, establishing a railroad commision

Richard Nixon

Golden Poppy

Redwood

Golden Trout

Quail

1940 - 1950

1200-400BC

AD 250 - 900

1325 AD - 1521 AD

AD 1200 - 1533