Flapper
In the United States and Europe in the 1920's, a rebellious young women
Prohibition
A ban on the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the United States from 1920-1933
Speakeasies
Illegal Bars
Harlem Renaissance
An African American cultural movement in the 1920's and 1930's, centered in Harlem
Psychoanalysis
A method of studying how the mind works and treating mental disorders
Abstract
Style of art composed of lines, colors, and shapes, sometimes with no recognizable subject matter
Dada
Artistic movement in which artists rejected tradition and produced works that often shocked their viewers
Surrealism
Artistic movement that attempts to portray the workings of the unconscious mind
Maginot Line
Massive Fortifications built by the French along their border with Germany in the 1930's to protect against invastion
Kellogg-Briand Pact
An international agreement, signed by almost every nation in 1928, to stop using war as a method of national policy
Disarment
Reduction of armed forces and weapons
General Strike
Strike by workers in many different industries at the same time
Overproduction
Condition in which production of goods exceeds the demand for them
Finance
The management of money matters including the circulation of money, loans, investments, and banking.
Federal Reserve
Central banking system of the United States, which regulates banks
Great Depression
A painful time of global economic collapse, starting in 1929 and lasting until about 1939
Franklin D. Roosevelt
President in 1932. Introduced the New Deal, FDIC, and social security
New Deal
A massive package of economic and social programs established by FDR to help Americans during the Great Depressions
Benito Mussolini
Fascist leader of Italy
Black Shirt
Any member of the militant combat squads of Italian Fascists set up under Mussolini
March on Rome
Planned march of thousands of Fascist supporters to take control on Rome; in response Mussolini was given the legal right to control Italy
Totalitarian State
Government in which a one-party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens lives
Fascism
Any centralized, authoritarian government system that is not communist whose policies glorify the state over the individual and are destructive to basic human rights
Command Economy
System in which government officials make all basic economic decisions.
Collectives
Large farm owned and operated by peasants as a group
Kulaks
Wealthy peasant in the Soviet Union in the 1930s
Gulag
In the Soviet Union, a system of forced labor camps in which millions of criminals and political prisoners were held under Stalin
Socialist Realism
Artistic style whose goal was to promote socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light
Russification
Making a nationalities culture more ethnically Russian
Atheism
Belief that there is no god
Comintern
Communist International, international association of communist parties led by the Soviet Union for the purpose of encouraging worldwide communist revolution
Chancellor
The highest official of a monarch; Prime minister
Ruhr Valley
Coal-rich industrial region of Germany
Third Reich
Official name of the Nazi party for its regime in Germany; held power from 1933-1945
Gestapo
Secret police in Nazi Germany
Nuremberg Laws
Laws approved by the Nazi Party in 1935, depriving Jews of German citizenship and taking some rights away from them