Chapter 11: The Roman Phase Ap World History

Roman aristocrats and wealthy classes.

Northern Italian society that initially dominated the Romans; the Etruscans helped convey Greek concepts to the expanding Romans.

Jewish sect that looked for the arrival of a savior; they were similar in some of their core beliefs to the early Christians.

"Roman Peace," a term that relates to the period of political stability, cultural brilliance, and economic prosperity beginning with unification under Augustus and lasting through the first two centuries C.E.

Huge state-run and slave-worked farms in ancient Rome.

Roman term for the "father of the family," a theoretical implication that gave the male head of the family almost unlimited authority.

sun god. Mithraism mystery religion based on worship; it became popular among the Romans because of its promise of salvation

he was the principal figure in the development of Christianity from a Jewish sect to an independent religious faith

christianity first emerged as a sect of Judaism accepted by only a small number of individuals who regarded ____ ___ ______ as a savior for the Jewish community.

This guy founded the city of Rome ad established himself as first king. Had a twin named Remus.They didn't almost survive infancy because an evil uncle abandoned them by the flooded Tiber river, fully expecting them to drown or die of exposure. A she-wolf found them and nursed them to health. They were strong and courageous.

a refugee from Troy who migrated to Italy when Greek invaders destroyed his native land.

elected by an assembly dominated by members of an elite class determined by birth known as the patricians, and they served one-year terms.

there was constant tension between the hereditary elites and the common people

the patricians granted plebeians the right to elect officials. They represent their interests in the Roman Government.

Patricians made a further concession to plebeians by promulgating Rome's first set of laws, which drew upon Greek laws in establishing a framework for the social organization of the Roman state. It served as the foundation for a long tradition of Roman law making.

When faced with civil or military crises, the Roman Senate appointed an official, who wielded absolute power for a term of six months.

a powerful Celtic people who on several occasions invaded Italy.

carthage became the dominant political power in the western region of grain-rich _______. The most important source of grain in the western Mediterranean.

natives of the ancient city Carthage. They struggled for supremacy in the region with Romans.

Had a brother named tiberus. He was the chief proponents of social reform in the roman republic along with his brother. They worked to limit the amount of conquered land that any individual could hold. They had little success because most members of the wealthy and ruling classes considered them dangerous radicals and found ways to stymie their efforts. There enemies executed ____ on trumped-up charges in 121 B.C.E.

general who sided with social reformers who advocated redistribution of land

a veteran of several foreign campaigns who allied with the conservative and aristocratic classes.

war between Romans and Carthaginians. The romans won.

helped to precipitate a political crisis

Roman statesmen and general and roman emperor. stabbed

has a brother named gaius gracchus. they worked to limit the amount of conquered land that any individual could hold.

Julius Caesar's nephew/adopted son. His real name is Octavian. He defeated his principal rival, Mark anthony, His name was changed because of a term with strong religious connotations suggesting the divine or semidivine nature of its holder.

He was augustus's rival. He joined forces with Cleopatra.

last of the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt.

naval battle at ______ in Greece (31 B.C.E.), octavian defeated his principal rival, mark anthony, who had joined forces with cleopatra, last of the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt.

Escaped slave assembled an army of seventy thousand rebellious slaves.

was the principal god, lord of the heavens.

was the god of war.

The most prominent school lof thought in Hellenistic Greece. They recognized that they lived in a large and interdependent world. They sought to identify a set of universal moral standards based on nature and reason that would transcend local ethical codes.

(106-43 B.C.E.) he was a thinker. He was readily adopted Stoic values. He studied in Greece and became thoroughly acquainted with both classical and Hellenstic schools of thought. He was a persuasive orator, and he wrote clear, elegant, polished Latin prose.

the tortoise

only recognized one god Yahweh, as divine and Romans had a problem with that

the savior who would bring individuals into the kingdom of God. They thought that he was the son of God and that his sacrifice served to offset the sins of those who had faith in him.

capital of the ancient city. Italy

a citizen of persia

the monotheistic religion of the Jews, having its ethical, ceremonial, and legal foundation in the precepts of the Old Testament and in the teachings and commentaries

the philosophical system or doctrine of Epicurus, holding that the external world is a series of fortuitous combinations of atoms and that the highest good is pleasure, interpreted as freedom from disturbance or pain.

roman historian