Who was Aristotle's teacher?
Plato
Plato is committed to the idea that reality is ultimately what?
Rational
What does Aristotle believe are the only reliable avenues along which to pursue knowledge?
The senses
Plato believes the real person is what?
The soul, not the body
Aristotle believes man is what?
A "rational animal."
In order for knowledge to be knowledge it must be what?
Certain and enduring
Knowledge involves both _____ that (something is so) and _____ (statements why something is so).
statements, reasons
In order to be _____, either it is or at least involves knowledge.
wisdom
To qualify as wisdom, statements must be
True
Falsehoods (can/cannot) constitute as knowledge?
Cannot
How does Aristotle clarify logic?
1) Explain the nature of statements, how they are put together by terms 2) Explain how statements can be related to each other so that some can give "the reason why" for others 3) Give an account of what makes statements true or false.
Aristotle's 10 categories
Substance- man or horse Quantity- two feet long, three feet high Quality- white or literate Relationship-double, half, or greater Place-In the Lyceum, in the marketplace Time- yesterday or last year Posture- reclining table, sitting down State- having shoes on, being in armor Doing something- cutting, burning Undergoing something- being cut, being burnt
What are the two parts of a statement?
The subject and the predicate
What is the subject?
What we are talking about
What is the predicate?
What we are saying about something
What is the point of giving an argument?
To answer why
What two conditions must any good argument satisfy?
1) The reason offered must be true 2) If the premises are true to conclusion cannot possibly be false.
When an argument satisfies the second condition it is considered what?
Valid
Can we give reason for everything?
No
How can you construct a syllogism?
By finding premises from which the statement logically follows.
Where does knowledge begin?
With perception
Plato thinks of knowledge as
Mathematics
Aristotle thinks of knowledge as
Biology
Animals can retain traces of what they perceive in their encounters with the environment. These traces are referred to as what by Aristotle?
Experience
Experience is the source of a what?
Universal