APUSH Chapter 33

four planes used as missiles; took down the symbol of US financial power, the World Trade Center Towers; the deadliest attack on US soil; it leads to far reaching changes in American life

buzzword of the 90's; includes web of connections such as commerce, communication, travel infrastructure, and culture; the attacks on the 9/11 used all these tools to bring down the towers and sought to destroy these very ideas

a complex and dangerous campaign of undefined scope and duration; started by George W. Bush; its initiative was to keep the country safe

black man who fled pursing police officers after speeding up to 110 mph; and the jury acquitted the 4 white police officers who beat him; during the LA riots of 1992; symbolized the fundamental conflicts at the heart of America

elected in '92; as the first democratic president since Jimmy Carter and a self-proclaimed activist; He had a very domestic agenda; when in office he had a lot of controversial appointments; he tried to push through national health care and it failed

was VP for Clinton; ran for the Presidency in 2000 against George W. Bush; the highly contested election was ultimately decided by US Supreme Court

battled with Clinton over free trade but eventually gave the approval for the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement; third party presidential candidate in 1992 and 1996

mass changes in Congress (110 new reps, 11 new senators), Democratic dominance following economic failures of Bush administration, PEOPLE VOTE

proposed a sweeping reform designed to guarantee coverage to every American and hold down the costs of medical care; prominent child care advocate; won senate seat in 2000.

developed by Newt Gingrich in 1994; promised to end big government that was too intrusive and too easy with tax payer money; congress was to respect the values and faiths of the American family; called for a balance budget amendment; end welfare; increase military spending; and reduce capital gains tax

controversial republican speaker of the house who quickly became one of the most unpopular political leaders in the nations.

Republicans made "Contract with America"; Republicans won control of both the house and senate for first time since 1954

mandated that the heads of families on welfare had to find work within two years or lose their benefits; limited benefits to five years for an individual's life; made legal immigrants ineligible

guaranteed the right of millions of worker to take time off work to care for ailing relatives or newborns; companies had to give workers the same or similar position when they returned to work

ensured that when a worker changed jobs, he/she didn't loose healthcare for pre-existing conditions

conservative Republican who spent $72 million investigating the wrongdoings of the Clintons; his report outlined 11 possible grounds for impeachment which included the affair with Monica Lewinsky

a real estate deal in which the Clintons invested during the '70s; death of Vince Foster the White House council brought out banking and real estate ventures that included the Clintons

an intern that President Clinton had an affair with; infamous blue dress; lied about the affair during depositions in the Paula Jones lawsuit; included in the indictment of Clinton; Americans didn't want Clinton removed from office as they approved of job performance but not his moral compass; he was not impeached

April 19, 1995; killed 168 people; blew up the Alfred P.

Murrah Federal Building

American born veteran of the Persian Gulf War; blew up building seeking revenge for the Branch Davidian religious sect who he believed were deliberately slaughtered by the FBI; led to the discovery of many white supremacist, militia groups, and tax resisters across the US

AKA the Colorado Massacre; on April 20, 1999, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris killed 13 at their high school and injured many more; led to national panic about gun violence and also grieving; a sense of national loss

black man murdered by three white supremacists who tied him with a chain to the back of a pick up truck and drug him for miles in Jasper TX in 1998

a gay college student who was beaten unconscious and tied to a fence post and left to die in Laramie, WY in 1998

1997 protocol that limited greenhouse gas emissions; renounced by the Bush administration

an international terrorist network led by this man; dedicated to purging Muslim countries of western influence; son of Yemen born construction tycoon who used his fortune to support his beliefs; attacked many American interests overseas killing Americans

computers, faxes, cell phones, and the Internet; had huge economic impact

near San Francisco; place where new companies and industries sprang up; a technological revolution took place here

created Microsoft; one of the wealthiest Americans; company produced operating software for most personal computers

created Apple; a competitor of Bill Gates

microprocessor miniaturized the central processing unit of a computer; meant small machines could now perform calculations previously done by large machines

the company that introduced the microprocessor in 1970

economy based on the technology; dubbed by analysts; Clinton took advantage of this as he saw the technology shrinking the world; make it interconnected; help spread democracy, free trade, and deregulation

Presidential candidate in 2000; won the popular vote, failed to win the electoral college; lost presidency in hotly contested election; took 36 days after election day, and ultimately the Supreme Court to decide that he lost

won the Presidential election in 2000 in a hotly contested election; lost popular vote, but won the electoral college; son of previous President George H. Bush

between George W. Bush and Al Gore; Bush narrowly won election; the closest election since 1876 and only the fourth election in which the electoral vote did not reflect the popular vote.

In Florida there were multiple recounts because of the voting machines. These machines were inaccurate because they were punch cards and if not punched thoughly the vote is not counted. So recounts were demanded frequently. The Secratary of State for the republican campainge was Katherane Harris.

She refused to authorize the recounts and declined to extend a deadline for making an official certification.

small perforated squares that were punched out on the ballots; they could be either partially detached or punched but still attached

Bush withdrew from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with Russia to make this, which was forbidden under the treaty; it was similar to Reagan's "Star Wars"

nineteen hijackers seized control of four commercial jets; two planes flew into the World Trade Center towers, one crashed into the Pentagon, and the last one crashed in Somerset County, Pennsylvania

since Al Qaeda operated out of this country, Bush made it his priority to counter them; he launched a sustained bombing campaign against them and sent special ops forces to help

a renewed sense of nationalism and pride; flag sales soared; Bush's approval rating soared

Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism; makes it easier for conduct searches, wiretaps, and obtain electronic records and allowed for monitoring internet usages by anyone; gave FBI sweeping powers

developed in November 2002, incorporated parts of eight cabinets and 22 agencies to coordinate intelligence and defense against terrorism

months before 9/11 over 500 companies declared bankruptcy or closed; cooperate revenues

Republican party retakes control of Senate and widens majority in House, enhancing Bush's power; idea of a united nation at war, supporting their [oh, so] intelligent president

the Bush Doctrine; plan to use militaristic force to prevent further acts of terrorism from the "axis of evil" (North Korea, Iraq, Iran); leads to US invasion of Saddam Hussein's Iraq, claiming Iraqi ties to Al-Qaeda and the 9/11 attacks

first black Secretary of State; during the Bush administration he tried to keep the focus on Afghanistan; he eventually became part of the secret planning to invade Iraq

was political science professor at Stanford for 3 decades; first woman and black to serve as provost for Stanford University; 2001 first black woman to serve on the National Security Council; 2005-2009 first black woman to serve as Secretary of State; believed in transformational diplomacy of building sustaining democratic states around the world

passed by UN on April 3, 1991; required Iraq to destroy its nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons; refrain from creating more; pay reparations to Kwait

passed on April 5, 1991; allowed international human rights groups to check on Iraqi people for violations and provide protections; created Iraqi no fly zones although not specifically written in the document

decision by UN Security Council to impose rigarous and stronger arms inspections on Iraq

March 17, 2003 Bush gave Hussein 48hrs to leave; on March 19 US and Britain invaded Iraq; on April 9 Baghdad fell

a multisided insurgency of Saddam loyalists, Iraqi nationalists of various stripes, and Islamic revolutionaries that frequently attacked US forces who lost more soldiers in 2003 in these types of attacks

headed by Ambassador Paul Bremer; decisions made by this group made life in Baghdad worse; notably his decision to disband the Iraqi army leaving thousands of men without work, but armed and angry

spring 2004; graphic photos showing abuse of Iraqi detainees being abused by American soldiers made public around the world; cause international condemnation; suggestions that Bush and his administration knew of and approved of the abuse surfaced

Bush was reelected against John Kerry; Bush convinced country he condemned the Abu Ghraib incidents and dissolved the Coalition Governing Council replacing it with an interim Iraqi government; Kerry lost as he couldn't seem to put together a plan to convince people he had better international plans for the US; GOP increased its hold in the house and senate

increase of troops in 2007 to protect civilians; caused dramatic drop in violence against civilians; but did nothing to bring reconciliation between warring factions within Iraq.

cut $1.3 trillion in taxes the largest in US history; wiped out the $200 billion budget surplus left by Clinton;

conservative federal judge confirmed at age 51 as chief justice of the supreme court when William Renquist died; Bush appointee

55 yr old conservative confirmed as junior associate justice when Sandra Day O'Connor resigned from the supreme court; Bush appointee

meant to fix a broken public education system; linked federal money to state action requiring states to have high standards for all students; evaluation of progress was through standardized testing

an enormously expensive program that allowed senior citizens to have prescription meds covered by Medicare regardless of income

major hurricane that destroyed New Orleans and the golf region in August 2005; 1,800 died; lack of federal response and compassion ignited debate of poverty and race in America; Bush administration was accused of showing indifference to those who were affected by the massive storm

experiments by lending agencies to make it easy for any American despite lack of economic means to be approved for a home loan or a loan much larger than the person could afford to pay back

No Income No Asset loans for homes; allowed people without the economic means to purchase homes they could not afford; most of the homes were foreclosed; caused a collapse in the housing market

security firms bundled the loans in mutli-million dollar bundles and sold them to investors as means to make a rapid short term profit; bundles could contain good and bad loans; these securities were complex and difficult to value; deregulation allowed for these risky investments to be sold

AKA TARP; provided $700 billion to troubled banks to bail out banks that were perceived "too big to fail" to prevent financial collapse; main street America however continued to loose houses, cars, jobs, wealth, and became very angry at the Bush administration for bailing out wealthy Wall Street

Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama fought for the Democratic nomination; John McCain as the Republican; Obama ran a grass roots campaign that engaged young voters and the black community; the failing economy was the centerpiece of the election

born to white American mother and Kenyon father; grew up in Indonesia and Hawaii; graduated from Harvard Law School; worked as a community activist in Chicago; served in US Senate 3 yrs before running for President; first black President; ran on campaign of hope and change; expanded TARP to bail out auto companies; passed comprehensive health care bill without one Republican voting for it;

Senator from AZ who rain for President in 2008 on the Republican ticket; an independent thinker who could be explosive at times; plain speaker and had a reputation for honesty; survived 5 yrs in POW camp in Vietnam;

Alaskan governor chosen as McCain's running mate in 2008 to appease socially conservative Republicans; she frequently appeared unprepared or uneducated on key national and international issues and policies; became the fodder for many comedic acts and impersonators the most famous was done by Tina Fay

passed Congress in 1996; defined marriage as between only a man and women; however many states and companies extended benefits to same sex partners and many states legalized same sex marriages

April 2010; toughest immigration law in nation; sparked national debate; required immigrants to carry their documentation papers; authorities could question and detain anyone until his/her immigration status could be verified

blastocytes contained inside these cells can be induced to become cells that could be created to perform special functions such as cures for diabetes, Parkinsons disease; 2001 Bush said cells had potential for life and limited the research as a moral hazard; in 2009 Obama reversed the Bush era restriction for research in this area

Spring 2009; outbreak started in Mexico; H1N1 virus had spread to 22 countries; considered first pandemic in 40 yrs; Japan closed its borders to those from Mexico; signaled how quickly disease can spread in the world due to international travel and the large number of people crossing borders with ease

"Google it"; originally created in the '60's as a way for government and universities to share information; in late 80's the term for the connection was renamed to this term; the world wide web was created in 1990 and used this to send graphics and multi-media across the globe; '93 the first browser was created; millions of computer users use this everyday