APUSH Chapter 16: Conflicts in the West

(from Texas) Introduced to rifles and horses in the 1700's, which allowed them to become proficient hunters and expand in population and size. The US army would fight them when not faced with a war. During the Mexican and Civil Wars, this Indian tribe was able to grow without the threat of the army.

The gov't made a treaty with the Comanche for them to live on a reservation, but a misunderstanding (tribe thought they could roam around freely) lead to the gov't attacking them.

The goal was to open up new land for white settlement and Americanize Comanche Indians.

(from New Mexico) These two tribes would be placed together on the Bosque Redondo after being defeated by the US army.

A reservation that was a total failure. The US army put the Navajo and Apache tribes together in this small reservation, but they ended up fighting. This was an example of the US gov't seeing all Indians as the same.

(from Oregon and Idaho) A non progressive tribe that flee almost to Canada but are caught and forced to live on a reservation.

The leader of the Nez Perce tribe.

"I will fight no more, forever" shows the Nez Perce tribe surrendering to the American troops.

Non-progressive: Resist reservation life.Progressive: Willingly submit to reservation life.

(From Wyoming, South Dakota, and Montana) A tribe that is a split between non progressive and progressive.

Chief Red Cloud agrees to a peace treaty and the tribe goes to a reservation. Not all Sioux agree. Chief Sitting Bull rejects the treaty and continues to fight.

Some Sioux Indians lead by Chief Sitting Bull resist the Treaty of Fort Laramie and fight against the U.

S. army. This is important because gold is found in South Dakota which makes the government fight harder to get them out.

George Custer (U.S.) and his army are killed by Crazy Horse (Sioux) and his followers.

Mount Rushmore is made after Sioux are defeated.

Reaction to disappearance of buffalo herds, and misery of reservation life. Many tribes turn to the ghost dance in hopes the buffalo would come back and the white men would leave them alone. This shows that the Indians re-embrace their heritage and will not be Americanized.

An end to armed Indian resistance of reservation life. In South Dakota a small group of Sioux Indians attack the U.S. Army and the army retaliates by massacring hundreds of Sioux Indians in the Wounded Knee Reservation.

A nickname for black soldiers who were fighting Indians out west.

A person would be given 160 acres of land by the gov't by applying. This would be a failure because most of the land was given to speculators who were looking for a profit.

Wanted peace with the Indians by allowing the Indians to live a normal life in reservations. This leads to the Dawes Act and Carlisle Indian School.

Ended tribal land ownership of reservation land, which challenged Grant's Peace Policy.

The gov't would give private ownership to individual people which forced the Indians to be Americanized. The "surplus land" would be given to white settlers.

Boarding School for Indian children to teach them white ways and separate them from tribal culture.

Starts in California and is built going East by Chinese workers.

Starts in St.

Louis, Missouri and is built going West by Irish workers.

The point in which the Central Pacific and Union Pacific met in Utah. A golden spike was nailed into the rail line to mark the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869.

1) Timezones 2) Market Revolution

Different regions are connected in a national economy spurred by transportation improvements.

Rail lines help goods travel to meet consumers, which will help businesses expand. This occurs even internationally, giving anyone in the country access to Asian markets.

Is similar to farming, but for cows instead of crops.

A new breed of cattle, which is a cross between Spanish and Anglo American cattle. They were well adapted to the grass in Texas. (Like tobacco in Virginia)

Common after civil war, cattle are branded (have farmers logo on them) and are left to roam free.

This is a result of necessity. Ended by the invention of barb wire fences.

Cheap, durable, and practical fences. This ends free grazing by letting big farms replace free grazers.

The owner of a show which would shape the perception of the wild west.

Cowboys were portrayed as white, and Indians were portrayed as bad guys who would fight cowboys.