AP World History- Unit 2 Rome

A government of elected officials.

The elected officials in the Roman Republic (only the wealthiest were represented)

Officials who carried out the day-to-day operations of the government who were selected by plebeians

Elected to represent the plebeians

Elected to preside over the government and to serve as commanders of armies in military campaigns (had veto powers)

A way of dividing power to keep any part of government from becoming excessively powerful

Written laws that were put on display

One of the greatest members of the legal profession in Rome.

A city-state across the Mediterranean on the north coast of Africa; fought Punic Wars with Rome

Three wars between Rome and Carthage; Rome destroyed Carthage in the end

Nomads who took Carthage and conquered Rome

Roman armies

Huge farmland bought by patricians

When a slave named Spartacus led one of the largest slave revolts in history against Rome; thousands of slaves killed

A general who was elected six times to the consulship; Sulla beat him; uncle of Julius Caesar

General who came from a more patrician family and beat Marius; drove from city by Julius Caesar

Successful general who was beat by Julius Caesar

Became sole consul and dictator for life; killed by Roman Senate due to him gaining so much power

General who was beaten by Octavian

Later known as Augustus; beat Marc Antony and became the first emperor; started Roman Empire

Battle between Octavian and Marc Antony for power; Octavian won

Roman peacetime

Emperor who declared the Christianity legal and the official religion of the Roman Empire

Christianity was declared legal in the Roman Empire by Constantine in this

Wrote that even though Rome might fall to the barbarians, the city of God in heaven would remain

Religion and government are separate

Trade route connecting communities in Europe and Asia

Connected roads across Rome to help with trade and military

Famous Roman writer who wrote "The Aeneid"

Epic by Virgil that accurately forecasts the cultural, political, and military legacies of the Roman Empire

Famous Roman writer who was banished by Augustus to the far edge of the Black Sea

Roman philosophy that promoted living simply, enjoying the pleasures of life, and not focusing on appealing to the gods

Roman philosophy that emphasized that people should learn to accept the will of the gods and remained detached from pleasure and pain

Combining ideas from different sources; occurred in religion

High Priest in Rome

Religion of the Roman Empire must obey; could pray to other gods as long as they prayed to state gods

Religious groups whose followers were promised an afterlife if they underwent secret rituals and purification rites

The man who challenged traditional religious leaders and was regarded as a troublemaker by Roman officials; started Christianity

A follower of Jesus who spread the ideas of Christianity and is regarded today by the Roman Catholic Church as the first pope

Man who spread Christianity and inspired other preachers

Monotheistic religion that appealed to urban poor, slaves, and women

A willingness to die rather than give up one's beliefs

Wealthy Landowners

Small farmers, tradespeople, craftworkers, and common soldiers

A new class that was for rich Romans that were not descendants of the founders of Rome

Mountain range that runs the length of the Italian peninsula and is less rugged than the mountains of Greece

Settled in Northern Italian Peninsula and responsible for early Rome

Lived in central Italy

Village on seven hills that became the capital of the Roman Empire

River that was near Rome and became good for trade

Sea near Rome that was good for Rome yet it was far enough away to be easily defended against sea-borne attackers

Devices used to hurl stones a great distance

Device used to break walls like a battering ram

Provided greater stability for riders and made horses easier to ride and control