AP World History Review Sheet

slaves for Triangular Trade, place to imperialize, evangelize, civilize

used Africans b/c they were resistant to European diseases, Middle Passage = poor hygine, dysentry, disease, maltreatment, average motality rate was 20%; Africa accquired fire arms, destruction of families and communities, forced marches, slave pens, slave wars, imitate western society; world sees increase in economy (especially in sugar), increased "need" for slaves

gold, glory, God; nationalism, want for land/ power, glory for themselves and their nation, slaves, spices, slaves, new goods, NW Passage, better technology (new ships, compass, astrolabe, better maps), felt duty to evangelize to and evangelize the "barbarians"

disliked mass amounts of Christian conversions, persecutions, bann => open campaign against all Western influence

led Japanese trade expeditions, sailed w/ 28,000 armed soldiers, exchanged gifts est. trade with foreign rulers, expeditions were cancelledb/c of increased threats from the Mongols and the expense, he was also gaining too much popularity and the gov't was afraid of him gaining power

began in England b/c there were laborers, natural resourses (coal, water), an educated middle class, political stability, and capital; began in the textile industry, new inventions made the processes quicker and products better, colonies could provide needed raw materials

1)military power increased (troops could mover quicker, kill more) 2)Western areas took over dependant areas (imperialism, markets were dominated) 3)population increased overall (more food, life expectancy up, immigration) 4)westerncivilization spread (language, religion, technology) 5) higher standard of living (cheaper and more goods, medicine, international organizations (red cross, postal system) *6) pollution

had necessary "ingredients" for Revolution

farming becomes commercial, new machines increase production, new foods increase population

Watt (engine) McCormick (reaper) Stevenson (locamotive) Tull (seed drill)

1) Locke (life, liberty, property, religion; against slavery, wanted education) 2) Voltaire (religious tolerance, freedom of speech) 3) Montesquieu (system of checks and balances/ three branches of gov't) 4) Smith ("laissez-faire"/ capitalism = economic system with private owners and little gov't interference

influenced other colonies and revolutions (France, Central and South America)

Enlightenment, rigid social structure (middle class wanted political power, great poverty among peasants), weak and inefficient King (Louis XVI), fought and lost many wars ( 7 Years' War), inspired by AMerican Rev)

1) radical- someone who looks to the future and is willing to use violence 2) liberal- likes change & is willling to experiment, does not use violence 3) moderate- compromiser 4) conservative- likes the "status quo", resists change 5) reactionary- wants to "turn back the clock" to the wy things used to be, willing to use violence

nationalism, liberalism, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, metric, new calendar, universal conscription, king and queen executed, National Assembly/ Parliament

Napoleonic Code est. (promised equality under the law, civil marriage & divorce, inheritance equalized), meritocracy, public school education, religious toleration, Bank of France (nobles had to pay taxes, reformed tax structure), Continental System (tried to blockade Britain), tried to dtorm Russia (scorched earth policy)

1) Congress of Vienna (monarchs restored, Frace surrounded w/ strong countries, victors compensated 2) conservatives tried to stop Enlightenment ideas (middle class pushed for reforms, revolutions broke out in Greece and Belgium) 3) reforms happened despite monarchial disenchentment

fought for women's rights in England, used violence/ fought for Women's rights in USA

improvements in child and women's labor, factories and mines evaluated

suffrage for women and men, more rights for women, more representation in cities

large # of people from the mother country move to the area

Dutch East India Company made deals with the Sultans of Mataram (vassals who paid tributes), intervened with the wars (got land in return), hired natives to fight

British East India Trading co. made of investors, not part of the gov't , Meddled in local princes' affairs (rhajah) to get trade, Used rivalries to gain power, Hired sepoys, Battle of Plassy (British defeat French and Indian rivals), Robert Clive, used natives as spies and soldiers

settlement colony, dependant colony, sphere of influence, annexation, trade concession, protectorate,empire

Asia, Africa, Ottoman Empire/ Middle East, Pacific region in the 1800s

army, navy, better technology, nationalism, natural resources, places to invest (capital), new markets, religion (missionaries), White Man's Burden, Social Darwinism, realpolitik

cultural diffusion (many ex. in India), colonies (Scramble for Africa, Rhodes), spread of ideas (Christianity) and technology, industrialism increased, missenigation, slavery declined, Lonely Native Syndrome

Haiti (L'Ouveturre) => inspired other slaves, lower classes and made upper classes (creoles)nervous

L' Ouveturre (Haiti) San Martin (Argentina, Chile, Peru) Bolivar (Venezuela, Colombia, Equador) Hidalgo, Morelos, Idurbide (Mexico) Dom Pedro (Brazil)

all countries became republics EXCEPT Brazil, slavery abolished almost everywhere (not Brazil), large provinces formed, rise of caudillos, Federalists vs. Centralists, issue of Church power

Europe could not imperialize Latin America, England could enforce and got benefits

US annexed Texas (Manifest Destiny = the desire to rule from coast to coast, right from God) , Santa Anna fought US troops and lost, USA got 1/2 Mexican territory but only 5% of the population b/c of the Treaty of Guadelupe- Hidalgo

Federalists- ranchers supported,CONSERVATIVE Centralists- LIBERAL, supported education and immigration, Republic after ferderalist system

Europe/ Enlightenment

conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the United States supported Cubans' fight for indepedence

built secret army that successfuly killed janissaries, started Tanzimat Reforms

overpaid => too much gov't spending, powerful, could depose sultan, too many got paid for doing nothing

increased w. trade harmed local artistans but helped Christian and Jewish merchants, western goods were cheaper

1) education based on w. math and science 2) state-run postal and telegraph systems 3) railroads built 4) constitution improved position of religios minority groups 5) treaty with Britain improved trade by removing taxes

helped to spread liberal ideas, overthrew sultan who had returned to absolutism

Egypt relied on only cotton which made it dependant on world prices, khedives borrowed money from Britain to build canal which they couldn't pay back to the British took possession of the canal

Achmad/ Madhi fought against British and Egyptians, successor to Achmad sets up state w/o drinking, dancing, or foreigners

Nurhaci organized Manchus, overthrow Ming, form Qing, bring back Civil Service exam and Confucianism

cheating and favoritism, poor scholars could take test for someone else, examiners could be bribed, people could buy positions

Commissioner Lin tried to stop the opium trade by destroying the shipments on the dock, Europeans wanted payment but the Chinese refused and thw war began, British defeated China, ended with Treaty of Nanking, Europeans got extraterritoiality, Hong Kong, and became a sphere of influence

land redistribution, liberties for women, universal education and healthcare, scholar-gentry attacked, gov't responded w/self-strengthening movement (railroads, factories, modernized army)

led by students and military officers against foreigners and the Qing gov't