AP World History Practice Test 1

In most of the early agricultural societies, people had an average life expectancy of 25 years at birth but would live until 50 on average if they managed to reach age 20. These facts primarily reflect A. high rates of infant mortality B. an early age of military service C. income gaps between wealthy minorities and impoverished masses D. lack of mass education E. the availability of medicines for adult diseases

which of the following is an important legacy of the Phoenicians? A.Their monotheistic beliefs inspired Judeo-Christian religion B.Their establishment of a centralized bureaucratic state influenced the political structure of the Persian Empire C.Their development of an alphabetic writing system was adapted by the Greeks D.Their system of legal codification was adopted in its entirety by the Romans E.Their army and navy defeated Alexander the Great

Which of the following was an important factor that helped the eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) survive while the western Roman Empire collapsed? A. Its status as the headquarters of Roman Catholic Christianity gave it a social unity that helped it resist invaders B.It had a loyal army, a skilled bureaucracy, and a great reserves of wealth based on agriculture C.It followed an expansionist foreign policy to conquer northern Europe lands held by the Germanic tribes D.It could rely on its defensive alliance with the Persian Empire for protection against European invaders E.It was not an attractive target for conquest because it was isolated from trade routes and had little wealth

"If a [noble] man puts out the eye of another [noble] man, his eye shall be put out. If he breaks another [noble] man's bone, his bone shall be broken. If he puts out the eye of a [commoner] or breaks the bone of a [commoner], he shall pay one [silver] mina If he puts out the eye of a man's slave or breaks the bone of a man's slave, he shall pay one-half of its value. " The excerpt above from the Code of Hammurabi illustrates which of the following about Babylonian society? A.It made provision for the economic well-being of all classes B.it supported gender equality C.It moved away from reliance on corporal punishment D.it was marked by social inequalities E.The king was regarded as blessed by divine forces

Which of the following correctly lists the countries to which Buddhism spread from India, in chronological order from earliest to latest A.Korea, Japan, Cambodia B.Vietnam, China, Japan C.China, Korea, Japan D.China, Japan, Cambodia E.Thailand, Korea, China

which of the following contributed significantly to the fall of both the western Roman and the Han empires? A.The destruction of overland trade routes B.A series of devastating floods and earthquakes C.New military technologies D.the expansion of Buddhism E.Invasions by borderland peoples

which of the following most accurately describes the political structure of the Maya from 600 C.E. to 900 C.E.? A.Numerous independent, warring city-states B.A highly centralized, aggressively expansionist empire C.Several weak vassal kingdoms under Aztec domination D.Numerous small coastal villages dependent upon maritime trade E.Sparsely populated religious administrative centers

Which of the following describes a major effect of Bantu migrations? A.A single common religion in sub-Saharan Africa B.The diffusion of irrigation techniques to East Africa C.Cultural commonalities in sub-Saharan Africa D.The introduction of banana cultivation to the Sahel E.The political interaction between Bantu-speaking peoples and Indian sailors

the adoption of Neoconfucianism by the Ming dynasty during the fourteenth century was primarily motivated by the A.rejection of traditional Chinese thinkers B.need for competent government administrators C.desire to continue Mongol practices in China D.arrival of Jesuit missionaries in China E.Goal of becoming a sea-based empire

Which of the following contributed most to the initial formation of political states by the Muscovite Russians and the Ottoman Turks? A.Schisms in Christianity and Islam B.Advances in naval technology C.the rise and fall of the Mongolian khantaes D.The military conquests of Timur E.The growth of Afro-Eurasian trade

The Byzantine Empire achieved which of the following A.The introduction of Benedictine monasticism to Ireland B.The conversion of many Slavic peoples to Christianity C.The unification of Christians under the pope of Rome D.The conquest of both Nubia and Ethiopia E.The legal toleration of religious minorities

The rise of the Mongol Empire contributed to all the following EXCEPT A.the spread of Christianity B.an empire that extended across parts of Europe and Asia C.an unsuccessful attempt to conquer Japan D.The spread of the plague E.The growth of trade across Central Asia

Islamic and Chinese empires in the post-classical period (700 C.E.- 1200 C.E.) shared which of the following characteristics? A.An imperial bureaucracy based on an examination system B.the abolition of slavery C.Battles over control of religious sites D.Extensive urbanization and maritime trade E.Strict monogamy for uncontested succession

Which of the following is the most important effect of Islamic expansion on the civilization of medieval Europe? A.The influence of Indian architecture on Gothic cathedrals B.The development of theocracies in the Holy Roman Empire C.The conversion of large areas of southern Italy to Islam D.The transmittal of Greek and Arab learning E.The promotion of religious reform movements in the Catholic Church

After the sixth century C.E., Byzantine emperors maintained political unity primarily by A.easing control of the Mediterranean provinces B.making dynastic marriages and diplomatic alliances C.hiring mercenary Christian armies to fight invaders from East Asia D.applying greater pressure on Muslim Africa E.sharing political power with the large merchant class

The largest decline in percentage of global population in history occurred as a result of the A.Black Death in Europe B.global flu pandemic of 1918-1919 C.spread of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa in the twentieth century D.spread of syphilis in Renaissance Europe E.epidemics in sixteenth-century Mesoamerica

In the period between 1600 and 1700, the principal product in the Atlantic trade was A.pitch B.sugar C.tobacco D.cotton E.gold

The introduction of the Incan staple crop of potatoes outside South America led to A.a decrease in China's production of rice B.the replacement of corn in the North American Indian diet C.an increase in Andean potato production as an export cash crop D.the migration of Mediterranean peoples to the Andes E.an increase in northern Europe's population

Which of the following statements about the Manchus after the mid-1600s is accurate? A.They lived in a highly urbanized society in Manchuria B.they rejected Confucianism and its rules C.they found the long-lasting Qing dynasty in China D.They concentrated on creating an independent and productive peasant class E.they focused on domestic Manchu affairs and did not attempt to expand their territory

Mughal leader Babur's main goal in conquering India was to A.build an extensive empire B.win converts for his own dream of a universal religion C.act as a champion of Shi'ite Islam D.be recognized as leading a jihad E.bring Indian holy sites under Hindu control

The first Industrial Revolution in Great Britain was initially based on which of the following? A.Rubber B.Textiles C.Steel rails D.Electricity E.Chemicals

The wars of independence in Latin America in the early nineteenth century resulted in which of the following? A.Rapid industrialization in the region B.Gender equality C.Racial equality D.Few changes in social structure E.The rise of monarchies

"The yellow and white races which are to be found on the globe have been endowed by nature with intelligence and fighting capacity. They are fundamentally incapable of giving way to each other. Hence, glowering and poised for a fight, they have engaged in battle in the world of evolution, the great arena where strength and intelligence have clashed since earliest times, the great theater where for so long natural selection and progress have been played out." The quotation above by an early twentieth-century Chinese revolutionary illustrates the influence of A.Social Darwinism B.communism C.National Socialism D.anarchism E.Budhiso

Which of the following pairs of countries ended coerced labor in the decade of the 1860s? A.France and China B.Brazil and Great Britain C.Russia and the United States D.Germany and Japan E.Australia and Mexico

Which of the following contributed most to the growth of nationalism in the period 1750-1914? A.The spread of social welfare legislation B.Advances in scientific knowledge C.The pressure of rapid population growth D.European imperialism E.The rise of authoritarian rulers

Which of the following nations was the most attractive military model for nineteenth-century Japanese and Ottoman government officials? A.Mexico B.Great Britain C.France D.The German Empire E.The United States

One of the main goals of the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) was to A.expel Europeans from Mexico B.close the border with the United Sates C.cooperate with the Catholic Church to institute social reforms D.end the unequal system of land ownership E.attract United States investment in oil exploration

Which of the following arose out of dissatisfaction with the treaties ending the First World War? A.The Indian National Congress B.The Boxer Rebellion C.The May Fourth Movement D.The Meiji Restoration E.The Russo-Japanese War

Which of the following was a major goal of Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward in 1958? A.Village-based industrialization B.Expansion of literacy C.Export of communism D.Eradication of political opposition E.Encouragement of population growth

The phenomenon of hyper-urbanization in twentieth-century Latin America was caused primarily by A.the increased number of meat packing plants B.the lack of free public schooling C.industrialization and rural exodus D.drastic weather conditions and global warming E.religious intolerance

Which of the following was a major new reason for massive labor migrations to economically developed countries in the twentieth century? A.Labor shortages in developing countries B.Labor shortages in manufacturing C.Rising birth rates worldwide D.Rising birth rates in developed countries E.Falling birth rates in developed countries

Which of the following were characteristics of most early civilizations? A.Cave dwellings and stone tools B.Animal herds and portable houses C.Large standing armies and elected governments D.Urban centers, growing populations, and writing systems E.Caravan trade, underground cities, and large ships

Which of the following helps explain the location and architecture of buildings in major Mayan cities such as Tikal? A.Astronomical considerations and observations B.avoidance of swampy and uneven land C.Protection from surroundings invaders D.The dense tropical jungles and rain forests E.Extensive coastal trade

the Silk Roads allowed products to move between which of the following pairs of empires? A.The Roman and Incan B.The Han and Spanish C.The Roman and Han D.the Incan and Aztec E.The Mali and Byzantine

Confucius argued that A.Chinese society should be structured on a strictly egalitarian basis B.individuals can best develop their potential if isolated from the rest of society C.men are fundamentally competitive and should be concerned primarily with individual achievement D.the ideal form of government is a hereditary aristocracy E.education is essential to becoming a refined gentleman

Which of the following contributed most to the decline of both the Roman and 'Abbasid empires? A.the rapid expansion of Christianity B.The division of governmental administration by ethnic groups C.Nomadic invasions by the Mongols D.Increased competition from rival sea powers E.Growing reliance on mercenary armies

The development and spread of Christianity and Buddhism had all the following in common EXCEPT A.both were outgrowths of other religions B.both were aided in their spread by the trade networks C.the founders of both presented themselves as divine D.both developed monastic orders E.both venerated people of high spiritual merit

Which of the following is a similarity between the Incan and the Aztec empires? A.Both destroyed prior civilizations in their drive to conquer new territory B.Both used innovative techniques to dramatically increase agricultural production C.Both help merchants as the second highest class, just below priests D.Both used their political dominance to suppress the existing religious practices of conquered peoples E.Both were descended from the Maya peoples

A Key similarity between western European and West African leaders in the period 1000-1450 was their A.adoption of scholarship from Muslim civilizations B.desire to abolish the slave trade C.growing awareness of Chinese technology D.dependence on women to organize long distance trade E.reliance on examination systems to choose advisers

In the period from 900 C.E. to 1450 C.E., which of the following is true of sub-Saharan Africa's commercial economy? A.Egyptian merchants controlled most of the long-distance trade of sub-Saharan Africa B.Sub-Saharan Africa's chief imports were cowrie shells C.Sub-Saharan Africa exported gold to the Middle East and Europe D.The Sahara Desert prevented sub-Saharan traders from participating in long-distance trade E.The Mali-Great Zimbabwe trade route dominated the economy from sub-Saharan Africa

France lost most of its holdings in India, while England gained territory in North America. These events were results of the A.Seven Years War (1756-1763) B.Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) C.First World War (1914-1918) D.Second World War (1939-1945) E.Cold War (1946-1991)

Which of the following governments sent expeditions to explore North America, Alaska, and the Hawaiian islands in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries? A.Qing China B.Tokugawa Japan C.Tsarist Russia D.Choson Korea E.Jeffersonian United States

The term "Columbian Exchange" refers primarily to A.The biological exchanges between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres B.the trade in gold from the Caribbean to Africa C.European raw materials brought to the Caribbean for trade D.the rewards that Spanish monarchs promised Columbus E.Agreements between Spain and Portugal over territorial claims in the Western Hemisphere

The Mughal Empire and the Ottoman Empire shared which of the following characteristics? A.Both empires were able to expand without meeting strong resistance B.Both empires formally restricted foreign trade C.Both empires were ruled by a single religious official D.Both empires were religiously and culturally diverse E.Neither empire supported public works

The growth of Islam in West Africa before 1450 was largely the result of the A.Influence of Muslim traders from the north involved in the trans-Saharan trade B.multiple conquests by Arab armies from North Africa C.lack of any powerful sub-Saharan states able to resist Muslim influences D.grassroots movement among poor Muslims who demanded that the ruling and commercial classes respect their religion E.Reaction to the violence associated with the Atlantic slave trade

As global trade expanded in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, which of the following economies exported more than it imported, thus absorbing a large amount of the world's silver? A.China B.Japan C.Ethiopia D.Spain E.Portugal

From the 1500 to 1750, the Americas had sustained economic interactions with which of the following? A.Europe only B.Africa only C.Europe and East Asia only D.Europe, Africa, and the Middle East E.Europe, Africa, and East Asia

Which of the following was characteristic of absolute monarchies in Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? A.The hereditary aristocracy used its traditional powers and privileges to control politics and the monarch B.Legislative, judicial, and executive power was substantially under the control of the monarch C.Mercantilist control of the economy was eliminated and replaced by free enterprise D.Colonial empires declined, and wars of independence increased E.Constitutional law emerged, placing strict limitations on central authority

An important reason for China's rapid population increase in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was A.the introduction of new crops from the Americas B.the end of the bubonic plague in Asia C.the widespread adoption of the European three-field system D.a series of government decrees mandating Large families E.Unprecedented immigration from the Mughal and Ottoman empires

Which of the following is true of both the American and the Haitian Revolutions? A.They began as slave revolts B.they were led by wealthy landowners C.they created constitutions that granted legal equality to all citizens D.Napoleon prevented both revolutions from coming to completion E.Foreign troops were not a factor in either revolution

Which of the following best describes how nineteenth-century European industrialization affected European women's lives? A.Most women gained access to higher education B.as the century progressed, a smaller and smaller percentage of women married C.Married women found it increasingly difficult to combine wage work and family responsibilities D.By the late nineteenth century, women gained the right to vote in most European countries E.Women came to dominate the agricultural workforce as men moved to cities to take industrial jobs

After the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Japan changed its policy toward contact with the outside world by A.welcoming foreign bankers but discouraging Japanese citizens from visiting other countries B.forming an alliance with China in order to resist Western encroachment C.adopting a defensive foreign policy in East Asia D.seeking Western industrial expertise and equipment E.expelling foreign missionaries and traders

Which of the following linked Great Britain, India, and China in the nineteenth century? A.Silk B.Coffee C.Opium D.Tobacco E.Sugar

Twentieth-century consumerism differed from that of the nineteenth century, in part, because of, A.the vertical integration of industries B.the increased purchasing power of migrant laborers C.the rise of professional advertising D.increased emphasis on domesticity E.decreased leisure time

"Although many people might think its crazy, the development model of the global economy has a marked relation to gender.... Women in every household are suffering everyday as a result of impoverished economics, and those who are exposed to the effects of foreign debt are women.... The adoption of austerity measures means a curtailment of the state's commitment to social services... Women keep the smallest portion of the meager family income, [giving] everything to their children and [wage-earning] adults. As a result malnutrition among women is increasing at an alarming rate." Which of the following statements reflects the main idea expressed in the excerpt above? A.Women use too many luxury goods B.Basic commodity prices are a small part of family income C.Malnutrition results from increases in the prices of luxury goods D.Foreign debt results in higher prices for basic commodities, which affect women most E.Since women keep the smallest portion of the family income, they are least affected by foreign debt

The development of Mohandas Gandhi's political philosophy was shaped by his A.high regard for Winston Churchill B.study of Mao Zedong's writings C.meetings with conscientious objects during the First World War D.experience with racial discrimination in South Africa E.Administration of Soviet methods of rapid industrialization

The main reason for the founding of the European Community (later the European Union) was to A.form a closer alliance with the United States B.provide a nuclear deterrent to Soviet expansionism C.Move Europe into the Soviet Union's sphere of influence D.coordinate European efforts to establish new overseas colonies E.facilitate trade and economic development within Europe

The 1960s were a time of student demonstrations and social unrest in all of the following countries EXCEPT A.France B.the United States C.the Soviet Union D.Indonesia E.Mexico

Political stability in sub-Saharan Africa after 1960 was often hindered by A.persistent attempts at reconquest by former colonial rulers B.the growth of supranational organizations such as the African National Congress C.the spread of apartheid from South Africa to other countries in the region D.the rise of militant religious movements E.internal ethnic and tribal conflicts as a result of arbitrary colonial boundaries

Ho Chi Ming (1860-1969), and Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972) had which of the following in common? A.Defense of capitalism B.Support for free-trade systems C.Dismissal of Western science D.Rejection of violent revolution E.Opposition to colonial rule

Late-nineteenth century Japanese industrialization differed from late-eighteenth-century British industrialization in the Japan's industrialization A.was not based on fossil-fuel power B.was sponsored by the state C.centered on exporting agricultural goods D.used women in early factories E.decreased the standard of living for many urban workers

Which of the following statements is true about the world at the end of the twentieth century? A.The standard of living in the least economically developed countries of the world rapidly approached that of the most developed countries B.The pace ond intensity of international contacts accelerated as a result of transportation and communication breakthroughs C.The world economy was redefined as the west permanently established its industrial dominance over East Asia D.The world balance of power was reversed as the West no longer had a military advantage over non-Western countries E.World religions were in decline as the spread of science and secularism intensified

Which of the following best explains why myths are useful historically? A.They clarify how ancient technology worked B.they analyze how great heroes created the first societies C.they provide insights into the values and traditions of their societies D.They give reasons for the decisions made in military campaigns E.They give detailed plans showing how ancient leaders achieved power