AP World History Chapter 17 Test

Complete change in the economic, political, and/or social system of a nation or civilization.

Force (war).

New inventions or ideas (Scientific Revolution, Industrial Revolution).

1) Liberty and equality. 2) Free trade. 3) Religious tolerance. 4) "Republicanism": election of leaders. 5) "Popular sovereignty": idea that authority to govern comes from the people.

Form of government characterized by the election of leaders.

Idea that authority to govern comes from the people.

Self-government: free men elected to "assembly" to make laws.

British government needs money.

1) British government taxes American colonies without their approval (No Taxation Without Representation). 2) British takes away rights and confiscates weapons.

France sent supplies, army, and navy.

France.

1) Conservative revolution, preserved existing freedoms. 2) Women and slaves could not vote. 3) Does not give freedom to slaves. 4) Wealthy citizens keep their wealth and land. 5) World's most democratic nation, first modern "republic."

"Absolute monarchy": King has complete power over all aspects of a nation.

A form of government in which the king has complete power over all aspects of a nation.

Idea that kings get their power from God.

Absolute monarch of France.

Queen of France, married to King Louis XVI.

To pay for his rich lifestyle and for wars.

After helping America to win its revolution.

Political, social, and economic classes of France.

1) "1st Estate": Clergy (priests, employees of the Church); pay very low taxes (2% of total taxes); 1% of the population. 2) "2nd Estate": Nobility (relatives of King); paid almost no taxes; rich; owned about 1/3 of all land; held powerful positions in government and military; 2% of the population. 3) "3rd Estate": everyone else; paid almost all the taxes; poor; 97% of the population (90% peasants, 7% "bourgeoisie": middle class).

French middle class.

Liberty, equality, and democracy.

1) Influences people to question the government and old traditions. 2) People began to demand Enlightenment ideas of liberty, equality, and democracy. 3) Revolutionary leaders use Enlightenment ideas to justify Revolution.

There was a bad harvest which led to a food shortage and increased prices. The crisis was that there was not enough food and people faced starvation.

To pay off debt.

"Estates General": meeting of 3 estates to discuss or vote on issues (issue: taxation).

Meeting of 3 French estates to discuss or vote on issues.

Each Estate gets 1 vote; 1st and 2nd Estates can always outvote the 3rd Estate.

3rd Estate demands to vote as individual members, not as Estates (groups), which would give the 3rd Estate more votes. King Louis XVI refused.

3rd Estate calls itself "National Assembly" and makes "Tennis Court Oath": pledge to create a new government.

Pledge made by the French National Assembly (3rd Estate) to create a new government.

Hungry crowd breaks into the Bastille (prison), takes weapons, frees prisoners, and destroys the building.

The start of the French Revolution; peasants began to rebel.

Forced the royal family back to Paris.

"Constitution of 1791": creates a "constitutional monarchy": government that limits power of the King, King is no longer absolute monarch.

Constitution written by the National Assembly during the French Revolution that created a constitutional monarchy (limited power of the King).

A form of government in which the power of the King is limited.

"Declaration of the Rights of Man": document that establishes personal freedoms (speech, religion, vote, etc).

A document written by the National Assembly during the French Revolution that established personal freedoms (speech, religion, vote, etc).

"Legislative Assembly": organization of representatives that make laws for France instead of the King.

Organization of representatives that make laws for France instead of the King.

Austria and Prussia (Eastern Germany), because they threaten to stop the French Revolution and put the King back in power.

1) Political inequality - common people have no voice/power in government. 2) Economic inequality - most people are poor while nobility and King are rich. 3) Enlightenment ideas encourage people to want liberty and equality (and democracy).

The "Jacobins" (1793-1794): political group that demand extreme changes in the political, economic, and social order of France.

Political group that controlled the Legislative Assembly in 1793-1794 who demanded extreme changes in the political, economic, and social order of France.

1) Abolish Constitution of 1791. 2) Turn Legislative Assembly into "National Convention": make laws for government. 3) Abolish monarchy. 4) Set up "republic": government run by elected officials.

Renamed Legislative Assembly (under request of Jacobins) that makes laws for the government.

King Louis XVI tries to escape Paris and is caught by revolutionaries, and is then executed by use of "guillotine": execution device that decapitates people.

Period of fear and mass executions of French people accused of being "enemies of the Revolution": people who oppose Robespierre and Jacobins.

Jacobin leader, became leader of the "Committee of Public Safety": small group of Jacobins who control the government.

Small group of Jacobins led by Robespierre who controlled the French government.

Like a dictator (king).

The people.

40,000.

1) Calls it "Republic of Virtue": loyalty to liberty and equality. 2) Abolish Christian Church (de-Christianization) and all aspects/supports of old France. 3) Creates new religion for all people to follow: "Cult of the Supreme Being": religion created by Robespierre where people worship liberty and democracy. 4) To continue "Reign of Terror" to keep people loyal to new France (because they were afraid).

A religion created by Robespierre where people worship liberty and democracy.

People see Robespierre's changes as too extreme and strange; believe Robespierre is too powerful and is ruling like a dictator (new king); Jacobins arrest and execute Robespierre.

French general and war hero; helps to defeat other nations attacking France.

1799.

A dictator.

One person holds all political power and controls government.

1) People are tired of the Revolution, fear, and instability. 2) Napoleon brings order, security, and economic freedom (people can make money).

The French Revolution.

He became the Emperor of France.

1799-1815.

Most of Europe (except Russia and Britain: biggest enemy).

Great Britain.

System set up by Napoleon that forces all countries to not buy or sell goods to Great Britain.

To ruin the British economy.

To not buy or sell goods to Great Britain.

Napoleon attacks Russia and captures Moscow; Russians retreat.

Napoleon's army freezes and starves in Russian winter; invasion fails.

Napoleon's army is destroyed; most of Europe attacks France.

He is forced into "exile": forced to leave your home/country as punishment.

Forced to leave your home/country as punishment.

Napoleon defeated by British, Russian, and Austrian forces.

He is sent to exile and dies (1821).

Meeting between Britain, Austria, and Russia to restore order in Europe. It restored the French monarchy.