America’s History 8th Edition Henretta Chapter 16 Key Terms

The railway line that connected the Central Pacific and Union Pacific lines.

A tax or duty on foreign producers of goods coming into or imported into the United States.

Treaty that allowed American ships to refuel at 2 ports in Japan.

Treaty that guaranteed the rights of US missionaries in China and set official terms for the emigration of Chinese laborers to work in the US.

Case that affirmed that states could regulate key businesses if those businesses were "clothed in the public interest."

Practice of backing a country's currency with its reserve of gold.

Term for an 1873 Law directing the US Treasury to cease minting silver dollars, retire Civil War-era greenbacks, and replace them with notes backed by the gold standard from an expanded system of national banks.

1862 act that gave 160 acres of free western land to any applicant who occupied and improved the property.

An 1862 act that set aside 140 million federal acres that states could sell to raise money for public universities.

Public universities founded to broaden educational opportunities and foster technical and scientific expertise.

Immense silver ore deposit in Nevada that touched off a mining rush, bringing a diverse population into the region and the establishment of boom towns.

System by which cowboys herded cattle hundreds of miles north from Texas to Dodge City and the other cow towns of Kansas.

theory that setlement of the Great plains caused an increase in rainfall.

African Americans who walked or rode out of the Deep South following the Civil War.

The US 1st national Park.

A federal bureau est. in 1871 that made recommendations to stem the decline in wild fish.

Massacre of more than a hundred peaceful Cheyennes, largely women and children.

Massacre in which 1500 Sioux warriors lured Captain William Fetterman and 80 soldiers from a Wyoming fort and attacked them

ruling that congress could make whatever Indian Policies it chose, ignoring all existing treaties.

Law that gave Native Americans Severalty by dividing homesteads into homesteads.

1876 battle began when American cavalry attacked an encampment of Sioux, Arapaho, and Cheyenne Indians who resisted removal to a reservation.

Religion that combined elements of Christianity and traditional Native American religion.

Massacre of Sioux Indians by American cavalry at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota.