American History I Final Exam Review

an extra sum of money that borrowers have to repay creditors in return for the loan

Treaty signed in 1794 between the US and bBritain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the northwest territory.

belief that the government can do anything that the constitution does not prohibit

not taking sides in a conflict or dispute

belief that the goavernment should not do anything that the constitution does not specifically say it can do

tax on foreign goods imported into a country

battle in 1815 between american and british troops for control of New Orleans, ending in an american victory

a severe economic downturn marked by a decrease in business activity, widespread unemployment, and falling prices and wages

policy of forcing people into military or public service

1820 agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and outlawing slavery in future states to be created North of 36 30 N lattitude

agreement, signed in 1814, that ended the War of 1812

to revise

system in which each of the branches of the federal government can check the actions of the other branches

a system in which power is shared among state and national authorities

the constitutional allotting of power within the federal government among the legislative, executive, a judicial branches

Compromise at the Constitutional Convention calling for three-fifths of a states slave population to be countd for the purposes of legislative representation

to prevent from becoming a law

policy of letting the people in a territory decide whether slavery would be allowed there

part of the compromise of 1850, a law ordering all citizens of the US to assist in the return of of escapeed slaves

1854 law that called for the creation of these two new territories, and stated that the citizens in each territory should decide whether slavery would be allowed there

designation used in the civil war encompassing the staes of virginia, north carolina, tennessee, arkansas

association of seven seceding southern states, formed in 1861

an unreasonable, usually unfavorale opinion of another group

a policy of favoring native-born americans over immigrants

person who wanted the south to secede

agreement designed to ease tensions caused by the expansion of slavery into western territories

in the civil war the states between the north and the south: delaware, mayland, kentucky, and missouri

to join or attach, as in the joining of a new territoy to an existing country

virtues the american people would need to govern themselves, such as self-reliance, industry, frugality, harmony, and the ability to sacrifice individual needs for the communtiy

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items seized from the enemy during wartime

name given to the national paper

a presendential decree, by President Lincoln, effective Jan. 1, 1863, that freed slaves in Conferderate held territory

legal protection requiring that a court determine whether a person is lawfully imprisioned

opponents of the Constitution: opposed the concept of a strong central government

first ten amendments to the constituion

group organized around a common interest and concerned only with furthering that interest

supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification; favored a strong national government

approve or sanction

Senator of South Carolina that declared that the south would not give up its liberty to save the union

general of confederate forces during the civil war

An abolitionist that led the attack on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia

elected president of the confederate states of america; from mississippi

senator of illinios who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

He proposed to congress the compromise of 1850; the senator of kentucky

He opposed slavery on moral grounds in debates with Stephen Douglas; a republican; became 16th president of the US

Senator of Massachusetts who gave a powerful antislavery speech entitled ''The Crime Against Kansas'' in congress

He helped to defeat the Mexican army in california

republican antislavery leader during the 1860s; acquired Alaska in 1867 as Secretary of State

chief justice of the supreme court who wrote an opinion in the 1857 Dred Scott case that declared the Missouri compromise unconstitutional

REPEAT

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vast grassland between the mississippi river and the rocky mountains

successful revolt by texans against mexican rule in 1835-1836

capture by mexican troops of a texas held mission in san antonio in 1836

people who move their homes regulary usually in serach of available food sources

fort built in southwest by spanish

a low place in a mountain range that allowes travelers to cross over the other side

argrument that it was the undeniable fate of the US to expand across North America

to surrender officailly or unformaly

an american fur trader who explored the rocky mountains and regions farther west in the early 1800s

area west of the appalacian mountans

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1853 purchase by the US of southwestern lands from mexico

treaty signed in 1848 by the Us and Mexico, ending the mexico war

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list of items to accomplish

departments that make up a large organization, such as the government

a ban or restriction on trade

Purchase by the US of the Louisiana territoy form France in 1803

journey by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark through the Louisiana territory from 1804-1806

a written plan of government

the part of the government that executes, or carries out laws

the part of the government that decides if laws have been broken

the part of a government that makes the laws

government run by the people through their elected representatives

gold or silver coin

"Bank of the US Case" A Maryland law required federally chartered banks to use only a specail paper to print money, which amounted to a tax. McCulloh, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the bank, refused to use the paper, claiming that states could not tax the federal government. The court declared the Maryland Law unconstitutional.

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This case examined the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.

policy of president James Monroe stating that the US would consider any European interference in the nations of the Americas as an unfriendly act

1830 Law calling for the president to give Native Americans land in parts of the Louisiana Purchase in exchange for Land taken from them in the East.

forced march of 15,000 Cherokee from their homes in the southeast to western reservations from 1837 to 1838

patronage system under president Andrew Jackson

A high tariff on imports that benefited the industrial North while forcing Southerners to pay higher prices on manufactured goods; called the "Tariff of Abominations" by south

formally withdraw from a political organization; southern states seceded from the US to form the confederacy in late 1860 and early 1861

Movement to end slavery

the freeing of enslaved people

network of people who helped fugitives from slaverey excape into the north and canada

rule passed in 1836 by southern representatives in congress that prevented antislavery petitions form being considered by the house for eight years

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states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina

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Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War

intellectual and philosophical movement of the mid-1800s esserting that the nature of reality can be learned only by intuition rather than through experience

campaign against alcohol consumption; began as part of the middle-class reform movements of the 1800s

Forced separation, often times by race

refraining from some activity, such as drinking

small societies whose members seek perfect social and political conditions

acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government

a states refusal to recognize or uphold a federal law

incident of the late 1790s in which French secret agents demanded a bribe and a loan to France in lieu of negotiating a dispute over the Jay Treaty and other issues

Resolutions passed in 1798 that attacked the Alien and Sedition Acts as being unconstitutional

a presidents term in office, or the group of officials that makes up the executive branch, including the president

heads of the major departments of the US governement who advise the President

Issues relating to a country's internal matters

official swearing-in ceremony

custom arising from previous practice rather than a written law