A History of World in 6 Glasses: Beer

Humans cannot live without liquid refreshments

Early men got their water supply by living near rivers, springs, and lakes

Some roles that drinks have been a part of over the years was for currencies, religious rites, political symbols, and artistic inspiration

The periods that archeologist divided time into was stone, bronze, and iron age.

The drinks that dominate the periods the embody is that each one defined drinking during a historical period from antiquity to the present day

beer was significant at this time because it was in the inhabitants wages and rations

Wine was the lifeblood of the Mediterranean civilization and the basis of wast seaborne trade. This helped spread Greek ideas.

Distilled alcohols were used as currency to buy slaves

Coffee promoted clarity of thought. This was made the ideal drink for scientists, businessmen, and philosophers

Tea contributed to the independence of the United States, the undermining of China's ancient civilization, and the establishment of tea production in India.

Coca-Cola is America's national drink and a vibrant consumer of capitalism.

The origins of Coke was by a Atlanta pharmacist and it was devised as a medical pick-me-up

The first beers was made from wheat and barely

Beer wasn't around in 10,000 BCE but it widely spreaded in the Near East by 4,000 BCE

It was ironic because Mesopotamia had fertile land that can provide the ingredients

Beer was consumed by a straw so they can avoid the grains, chaff, and debris

The uplands of Mesopotamia helped it become the fertile crescent since it had rich soil

Grains were probably consumed by crushing and soaking them in water

Cereal grains were unusual because they could be stored for consumption for months or even years later iskept dry or safe

The experiment that was conducted in 1960 for wild grains concluded into two pounds of grains. The archaeologist gathered that each grain family worked 8 hours a day for 3 weeks

Early men came about discovering the sweetness from grain was by moistening grains

The second step to discovering beer was bappir

The first probable alcohols were wine and spirits. Beer was set apart from these because beer consisted grains and the others didn't

They improved beer by filtering out debris

Using the same container repeatedly gave more reliable results in this process of self-discovery

Bappir was used for edible consumption during lean times because it was eaten for food shortages

Brea was solid beer and beer was liquid bread

Drinking beer was a sign of hospitality by signaling that the person offering the drink can be trusted

Beer was considered a gift from the gods because of its ability to intoxicate and induce a state of altered consciousness seemed magical

The practice of raising a glass is to wish someone good health, happy marriage, a safe passage to the afterlife, ot to celebrate success

Early humans transitioned to farming because of climate changes, species died, or species were hunted to extinction

Hunting- gathering would be difficult because species were going extinct

Beer helped early society because it was an extraordinary significance to the people of the people of the great civilization

The storehouse of the surplus grain became temples

Administrators and craftsmen who did not work in the field lived in urban lives

The lack of natural boundaries is what made the villages band together

The word civilization means living in cities

Grain was used for being the logical medium of exchange

The first literary reference to beer was the Epic of Gilgamesh

Enkidu becomes human by drinking a lot

Their capricious was blamed for the precarious because of it's behavior

The pictogram for beer has a jar with two straws and two people drinking the beer through the straws

Hathora became the goddess af beer and brewing by becoming intoxicated, falling asleep, and forgetting her bloody mission

The apprentice scribe in Egypt had a strong disapproval of drunkenness.

"Take not upon thyself to drink a jug of beer" "...to sit in the beer hall"

Surpluses were officially considered when it was consumed by a temple bureaucracy or traded for goods and services

Priest were depicted by wearing beards, long kilts, round headdresses, and drinking beer from large pots.

Clay envelopes were called tax receipts

Envelopes replaced token

Beer, onions, dates, and the ration was the primary source of food

Writing started out for recordig taxes receipts and ration payments

The cuneiform came about by recording the location of beer

We would find the world's oldest recipe for beer in Mesopotamia. The story behind it was that Enki was preparing a feast for this father Enkil

Beer was the ideal currency because it was a liquid since it's easily divisible.

The bride price is a wedding payment that is made by the groom's family to the bride

By 2053 BCE there was 300,000 people that were employed

Since the workers at the Giza Pyramids were paid with beer some of them called themselves "Drunkards of Menkaure"

Bread and beer was similar to "food and drink"

Two jars of beer and three loaves of bread developed young school kids health

Beer was used for medicine because it was a mild sedative and a concoction with herbs and spices

"beer that would not turn sour" means to pursue beer but hard to store it

Toasting is the surviving symbol of beer;s magical properties