A History of Western Music: Chapter 20

All problems can be solved through scientific observation and reasoning. Increased population, manufacturing, trade, and income. Reason, nature, and progress were the main themes.

The new way of hearing music that arose in the eighteenth century. Offered opportunities for performers and composers.

(French) Most common term for the new style. Featured songlike melodies, short phrases, frequent cadences, light accompaniment, homophonic. Originated from Italian Operas and Concertos.

Hallmark of the classical style in music.

The emotions in music during the Classical era.

(German) Surprising harmony, chromaticism, and nervous rhythms. Associated with the music of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. Similar to Galant Style.

An organization dedicated to performing music of earlier centuries.

Believed that music was a universal language.

A complete musical thought made up of two or more phrases that is concluded by a cadence.

Increased population, manufacturing, trade, and income.

Marriages between powerful families. Importance of shared humanity and culture.

German princes/Empress of Russia.

Italian poet that worked at the German imperial court in Vienna.

German writer that gained prominence in Parisian literary and musical circles.

A major theme in the nineteenth century; already begun to emerge by the end of the eighteenth century.

French thinkers that included Voltair, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. Contributed to Denis Diderot's "Encyclopédie."

Written by Denis Diderot. A key text of the Enlightenment in response to the terrible inequalities of social class and focused on individual human rights.

Promoted the welfare of humankind and social reform.

Teachings of the secret fraternal order of Masons. Founded in London.

Coined in the early eighteenth century to describe an informal listener who has a taste for the best in music and art.

Wrote the book A General History of Music. (1776-89)

Wrote the book A General History of the Science and Practice of Music. (1776)

Wrote the book Allgemeine Geschichte der Music. (General History of Music, 1788-1801)

Vocally conceived melody, short phrases, spare accompaniment.

Philosopher that wrote the book Les beaux-arts. (The Fine Arts, 1746) Believed that the task of art is to imitate and perfect nature.

Wrote the book Der Edlen Music-Kunst. (The Noble Art of Music, 1691) Believed music was a gift of god and it should be used only in his honor.

Melody over relatively light accompaniment. Simple, clearly articulated harmonic plans; periodic phrasing; clearly portrayed forms based on contrast between themes, keys, stable and unstable passages, and between sections with different functions; and contrasts of mood, style, and figuration within movements as well as between them.

Music in the classical period that covers many centuries and styles. (Includes opera, oratorio, symphony, sonata, string quartet, and art song.)

In music history, the era from about 1730 to about 1815, between and overlapping the Baroque and Romantic Periods.

The quality of being periodic, especially when this is emphasized through frequent resting points and articulations between phrases and periods.

Two or more periods in succession.

Organized in discrete phrases or periods.

Wrote the book Versuch einer Anlietung zur Composition. (Introductory Essay on Composition) Compared music to rhetoric.

(Introductory Essay on Composition) Published in three volumes. Written for amateurs who wanted to learn how to compose.

A unit of melody or of an entire musical texture that has a distinct beginning and ending and is followed by a pause or other articulation but does not express a complete musical thought.

Broken-chord accompaniment common in the second half of the eighteenth century and named after Domenico Alberti, who used the figuration frequently.

The shape or structure of a composition or movement.