What did 20th Century Music focus on?
A. Revolt+Change.
B. Stagnation.
C. Continuation of old forms.
D. Disinterest.
A. Revolt+Change.
What did composers in the 20th Century draw inspiration from?
From all cultures Folk and Pop music, The music of Asia and Africa, European art music.
At what performance did the most famous riot in music occur?
Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring.
Which 20th Century composers did American Jazz have impact on?
George Gershwin, Aaron Copland, Igor Stravinsky, and Claude Debussy.
Treating each of the twelve tones equally or rejecting a tonal center is called what?
Atonality or the Twelve Tone System.
Who composed the first significant atonal pieces around 1908?
Arnold Schoenberg.
Ostinato
Are repeated rhythmic patterns, frequently unify sections of a piece.
When did radio broadcast of live and recorded music began to reach large audiences?
1920s
Which of Gian-Carlo Menotti's opera's was the first opera to be televised?
Amahl and the Night Visitors.
What was the most influential organization sponsoring new music after World War I?
The International Society for Contemporary Music.
Impressionism as a movement originated in______
France.
The term impressionist derived from reaction to Impression: Sunrise, a painting by_________
Claude Monet.
When you look closely, impressionist paintings are made up of what artistic technique?
But during the 1870s, they were seen as formless collections of tiny colored patches-which they are when viewed closely.
Impressionist painters were primarily concerned with the effect of light, color, and
Atmosphere-with impermanence, change, and fluidity.
The impressionist painters were particularly obsessed with________________
Water.
Debussy developed a life long interest in the music of_____, as a result of his summer sojourns.
Russia.
At the Paris National Exhibition of 1889, Debussy was strongly influenced by_________
Asian music.
Debussy was both attracted to and repelled by the music of_____________
Richard Wagner.
Debussy's music pretends to be
A. Sound free and almost improvisional.
B. A strong sense of tonality.
C. Affirm the key very noticeably.
D. Use the full orchestra for massive effects.
A. Sound free and almost improvisional.
Impressionism in music is characterized by
The stress on tone color, atmosphere, and fluidity.
In which of the following areas did Debussy not create masterpieces?
A. Symphonies.
B. Art songs.
C. Chamber music.
D. Piano music.
A. Symphonies.
The poem that inspired the Prelude to "The Afternoon of a Faun" was written by________
Stephane Mallarme.
Know what the faun in Debussy's famous composition was all about?
This poem evokes the dreams and exotic fantasies of a pagan forest creature who is half man, half goat. While playing a "long solo" on his flute, the intoxicated faun tries to recall whether he actually carried off two beautiful nymphs or only dreamed of doing so. Exhausted by the effort, he falls back to sleep in the sunshine.
Why is it that Ravel's music does not fit neatly into any stylistic category, even though it had characteristics that could be associated with impressionism?
Yet much music by Ravel is too clearly defined in form and tonality and classical balanced in phrase structure to be considered impressionist.
Ravel's "Bolero" originated as a________
Ballet commissioned by the dancer Ida Rubinstein and was introduced by her at the Paris Opera in 1928.
What years did the neoclassical movement in music cover?
From about 1920 to 1950.
What composer did neoclassical composers model their works after?
Johann Sebastian Bach.
What was neoclassicism a reaction to?
Neoclassicism is marked by emotional restraint, balance, and clarity. "Back to Bach" was the slogan of this movement, which reacted against romanticism and impressionism.
What was Sergei Diaghilev famous for?
Ballet impresario.
Stravinsky's influence on 20th Century music is due to his innovations in what?
His innovations in rhythm, harmony, and tone color inspired musicians throughout the world.
Stravinsky's 2nd phase is generally known as what?
Neoclassicism.
Who did Stravinsky draw inspiration from when he changed his style in the 1950's?
Anton Webern.
True or false. The Rite of Spring is an example of primitivism.
True.
When did the impressionist movement in music and art, flourish?
1905-1925.
Where was the impressionist movement largely centered?
Germany and Austria.
Expressionism grew out of the same intellectual climate as Freud's studies of_____________
Hysteria and the unconscious.
20th Century musical expressionism grew out of the emotional turbulence in works of late romantics such as_______
Like Wagner, Richard Strauss, and Mahler.
Expressionist painters, writers, and composers used_________ to assault and shock their audience.
Deliberate distortion.
Expressionism is an art concerned with_________
Social protest.
Which of these painters would not be considered part of the expressionist movement?
A. Claude Monet.
B. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner.
C. Oskar Kokoschka
D. Edvard Munch.
Claude Monet.
Which of the following did expressionists reject?
Conventional prettiness, reality, imagination, morality.
In addition to being a composer, Schoenberg showed skill as a_________
Self-taught musician.
Schoenberg acquired his knowledge of music by___
Studying scores, by playing in an amateur chamber groups, and by going to concerts.
What was Alban Berg and Anton Webern's relationship to Arnold Schoenberg?
Two of his disciples and students.
What did Schoenberg do in response to the Nazi's question?
Schoenberg was dismissed from the facility of the Prussian Academy. This shattering experience caused him to return to Judaism.
Where did Schoenberg teach in the United States after the Nazi's seized power in Germany?
The University of California-Los Angeles.
When did Schoenberg's third period, when he developed the twelve tone system, begin?
It began in 1921 and lasted in the 1920s.
Schoenberg developed a unusual style, a vocal performance, halfway between speaking and singing. What was it called?
Sprechstimme.
Why are audiences attracted to Alban Berg's music?
Because of the lyrical warmth, vivid tone colors, and theatrical qualities of Berg's compositions.
True or false. Anton Webern earned a doctorate in music history from the University of Vienna.
True.
From 1907 to 1934, Bela Bartok taught____ at his alma mater, and gave recitals throughout Europe.
Piano.
Following the United States, Bartok held a position as research scholar in folk music at_____ University.
Columbia.
Bela Bartok evolved a completely individual style that combined folk elements with_______
Classical forms and twentieth-century sounds.
True or False. Dmitri Shostakovich was a famous conductor and trained as a chemist before turning to music.
False.
True or false. As a Soviet composer, Shostakovich was required to follow the dictates of a communist party, write music that was accessible and melodic, reject modernism.
True.
True or false. Babi Yar, a poem by the Russian poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko about Jews massacred by the Nazi's in Kiev was used by Shostakovich as a text of the opening movement of his thirteenth symphony.
True.
Shostakovich is best known as a composer of___
Symphony No. 5 in D Minor.
How was Shostakovich's fifth symphony described?
The Fifth Symphony (1937), described the symphony as "a Soviet artist's practical creative response to just criticism". Indeed, the Fifth Symphony has wide appeal because of its lyrical melodies, exciting climaxes, and accessible musical language.
What did Charles Ives's father do for a living?
Played in a band.
What did Charles Ives do after graduating from Yale?
Faced with choosing a profession on graduating, Ives decided that he could keep his music "stronger, cleaner, bigger, and freer" if he did not try to make a living out of it.
Charles Ives's music contains elements of
A. Revival hymns and ragtime.
B. Patriotic songs and barn dances.
C. Village bands and church choirs.
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
Charles Ives was very large and genres but not
A. Symphonies.
B. Songs.
C. Operas.
C. Operas.
Putnam's Camp, Redding, Connecticut is a movement from Charles Ives_____
Is part of "Three Places in New England", a set of three pieces for orchestra evoking American history, life, and landscape.
Putnam's Camp, Redding, Connecticut is a child's impression of
A Fourth of July picnic.
George Gershwin grew up in___________
The lower east side of Manhattan.
Gershwin left high school at the age of 15 to do what?
To became a piano pounder, a pianist demonstrating new songs in the salesrooms of a music publisher in Tin Pan Alley-a neighborhood in Manhattan where the popular music business was centered.
Tin Pan Alley is a name given to a Manhattan___
Neighborhood.
Who was Gershwin's first piano teacher?
Himself.
What Gershwin song became a big hit when recorded by Al Johnson in 1920?
Swanee.
What lyricist did George Gershwin collaborate with?
With his brother Ira.
What other talents did George Gershwin have in addition to his musical skills?
Painting.
What type of production is Porgy and Bess?
George Gershwin's most extended work and opera. It deals with the lives of poor black people in Charleston, South Carolina.
What is the origin of Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue?
Rhapsody in Blue, Gershwin's most famous work, was commissioned by the bandleader Paul Whiteman for a special concert to be given on Lincoln's birthday in 1924. The concert was intended to prove that jazz merited serious attention. During a trip to Boston, Gershwin decided on the form for Rhapsody in Blue. "It was on the train, with its steely rhythms, its rattlety bang,... That I suddenly heard- and even saw on paper-the complete construction of the Rhapsody from beginning to end," he later recalled. "I heard it as a sort of musical kaleidoscope of America-of our vast melting pot, of our unduplicated national pep, of our blues, our metropolitan madness.
What instrument has a solo at the beginning of Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue?
Clarinet.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
The flowering of African American culture during the years 1817-1935.
Who was William Grant Still?
He was a composer.
What is the name of William Grant Still's opera that deals with the Haitian slave rebellion?
Troubled Island.
Where was Afro-American Symphony performed?
New York.
Where was Aaron Copland born?
Brooklyn.
Copland went to France in 1921 and was the first American to study composition with________
Nadia Boulanger.
What did Copland find out about the meeting of American once he returned from France in 1925?
For Copland in 1925, American meant Jazz.
Why is Aaron Copland's name associated with music?
His use of Jazz, revival hymns, cowboy songs, and other folk tunes helped make Copland's name synonymous with American music.
In addition to his compositions, Copland made valuable contributions to music in America by____
Directing composers' groups, organized concerts of American music, lectured around the country, and wrote books and magazine articles.
