Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating Information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Alleviate and Thomas L.
Whistle commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it Information technology (IT). Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical ethos to decision-making and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs. [6] Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mechanical (3000 BC - 1450 AD), mechanical (1450-Bibb electromechanical (1840-1940) and electronic (1940- This article focuses on the most recent period (electronic).
Which began in about 1940.Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the form of a tally stick. 7] The Antiheroes mechanism, dating from about the beginning of the first century SC, is generally considered to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer, and the earnest known geared mechanism. [8] comparable geared devices did not emerge In Europe null the 16th and it was not until 1 645 that the first mechanical calculator capable of performing the four basic arithmetical operations was developed. [10] Electronic computers, using either relays or valves, began to appear In the early ass's.The electromechanical Use Z, completed In 1 941, was the world's first regrettable computer, and by modern standards one of the first machines that could be considered a complete computing machine.
Colossus, developed during the Second World War to decrypt German messages was the first electronic digital computer. Although it was programmable, it was not general-purpose, being designed to perform only a single task. It also lacked the ability to store its program in memory; programming was carried out using plugs and switches to alter the Internal willing. 1 1] The first recognizably modern electronic detail stored-program TTS first program on 21 June 1948. [12] The development of transistors in the late ass's at Bell Laboratories allowed a new generation of computers to be designed with greatly reduced power consumption.
The first commercially available stored-program computer, the Efferent Mark l, contained 4050 valves and had a power consumption of 25 kilowatts. By comparison the first transistorized computer, developed at the University of Manchester and operational by November 1953, consumed only 1 50 watts in its final version. 13] Information technology infrastructure is the integrated framework upon which digital networks operate. This infrastructure includes data centers, computers, computer networks, Database Management devices, and a regulatory system. In information technology, and on the Internet, infrastructure is the physical hardware used to interconnect computers and users.
Infrastructure includes the transmission media, including telephone lines, cable television lines, and satellites and antennas, and also the routers[14] that transfer data between disparate remission technologies.In some usages, infrastructure refers to interconnecting hardware and software and not to computers and other devices that are interconnected. However, to some information technology users, infrastructure is viewed as everything that supports the flow and processing of information. Infrastructure companies play a significant role in evolving the Internet. They influence where the interconnections are placed, where data is made accessible, and also how much information can be carried, and how quickly.
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