Disk Drive Technology (Hard Disk Drive Technology) Group 3: Tyrone James Demand Rene Onion Mercado Margin Upon Section BEEPS 102 -B Instructor: Mr.
. Allen Paul Clan Chrysalises Once Disk Drive or Hard Disk Drive A disk drive is a randomly addressable and rewritable storage device. The term can be broadly interpreted to include optical drives and in earlier times, floppy drives. However, in popular usage, it has come to relate mainly to hard disk drives (Heads). Disk drives can either be housed internally within a computer or housed in a separate box that is external to the computer.They are found in PC's, servers, laptops ND storage arrays, for example.
They work by rotating very rapidly around a head or heads, which read and write data. They differ from solid state drives (Sods), which have no moving parts and offer greater performance, but also cost more and generally offer less capacity. History of hard disk drive Hard disks were invented in the sass. They started as large disks up to 20 inches in diameter holding Just a few megabytes. They were originally called "fixed disks" or "Winchester" (a code name used for a popular IBM product).A hard disk drive consists of a motor, spindle, platters, read/write heads, actuator, frame, air filter, and electronics.
The first computer with a hard disk was Vim's RAMAN, which was used during the 1960 Olympics to calculate sports results. A bit later, in 1962, removable disk packs were developed - a forerunner of the floppy disk. In 1964, the CAR algorithm was introduced. It provided greater security by checking and comparing data before and after it was written to the disk. In 1971, the first 8-inch diskettes came onto the market.
Evolution of Hard Disk Drives The first hard disk drive, like so many innovations in computing, came from MM. It was called the IBM Model 350 Disk File and was a huge device. It had 50 24-inch discontinued inside a cabinet that was as large as a cupboard and anything but lightweight. This hulk of a storage unit could store a whopping 5 MBA of data. Above: An IBM Model 350 Disk File being delivered. Yes, that's ONE hard disk drive unit.
Although hard disk drives kept improving, state-of-the art disks were built according to the concept "bigger is better" well into the 'ass.Hard disk drives were normally used together with big mainframe computers, so this was not such a big deal. Entire rooms were already set aside for the computers. Case in point, here low is a 250 MBA hard disk drive from 1979. Above: State-of-the-art hard disk drive from the 'ass. IBM introduced the first hard disk drive to break the 1 KGB barrier in 1980.
It was called the IBM 3380 and could store 2. 52 KGB (500 times more than the consumer options at the time). Its cabinet was about the size of a refrigerator and the whole thing weighed in tatty pounds (250 keg). Above: The disk drive module of the IBM 3380.
Early in the 'ass, smaller "consumer" hard disk drives designed to be used with the increasingly popular microcomputers (now known as PC's) started to appear. The first nest were 5 MBA in size and had a form factor of 5. 25 inches. For a visual on how hard disk drive sizes have changed since the 'ass until today, have a look at the below image with an old 8-inch drive all the way down to today's 3.
5-inch, 2. 5-inch and 1. 8- inch drives. Above: Three decades of shrinkage Components of Hard Disk Drive Disk Case - The rectangular shaped disk case holds all of the components of a hard disk drive.The case is secured by screws and should not be opened outside off dust-free environment. Disk Platter - The platter shaped like a record with a magnetic surface.
Its Job is to tore the data contained on the hard disk drive. There can be one or multiple platters depending on the disk capacity. A spindle holds the platters together and the motor rotates them at a certain speed. Spindle - The spindle holds the platters together and the motor rotates the platters at their designated speed, which is measured in RPM. Actuator - This is designed to move the read/write arm to the correct position on the platter to read the data.
Read/Write Arm - The read/write arm contains many "heads" on the end of the arm which are designed to float above the platter and read data from the platter. Capacity of Hard Drive As hard drives are introduced with capacities greater than or equal to 2. TPTB, the industry works to resolve known capacity addressing limitations that date back to the original design of the PC. These limitations are caused by 32-bit definitions used for partition sizes and logical block addresses (Labs) resulting in a maximum addressable capacity size of 2. TPTB.The most direct way to resolve this issue is to use Long Labs.
However, Long Labs are only supported in 64-bit operating systems, like Windows"* 7 and Windows Vistas. Users wishing to use these high-capacity rives will need to implement a combination of operating system, BIOS, drive partition tables and hard disk drive (HAD) drivers that support high-capacity drives in order to gain full access to the high capacities offered. When working in legacy environments, more effort will be required to ensure all components are capable of supporting high-capacity drives.HOST high-capacity Detester Retail Kits include access to HOST GAP Disk Manager, an easy to use software application designed to overcome the 2.
TPTB limitation of Window" systems, so no additional hardware is required to overcome the 2. TPTB limitations of Windows systems. * Types of Hard Disk Drive Disk drive technologies have advanced quickly over recent years, making terabytes of storage available at reasonable cost. When researching the type of hard disk storage system appropriate for your needs, keep in mind the format and data rate of the video you're capturing.Depending on whether you work as an independent video editor or collaborate with others, the amount of storage you require and the bit rate of data transfer will be important factors to match up with your storage needs. Outlining all of the hard disk storage technologies is beyond the scope of this accentuation, but four common choices include: ATA Firmware CICS RAID and Fiber Channel ATA Disk Drive There are two kinds of ATA disks: Parallel (Ultra) ATA disks: These are found in Power Mac GO computers.
Serial ATA disks: These come with Power Mac GO computers.ATA disks do not offer as high a level of performance as LIVED or Ultraist CICS disks. If you plan to use Ultra ATA disks, make sure that: The sustained transfer speed is 8 MBA/sec. Or faster The average seek time is below 9 ms The spindle speed is at least 5400 RPM, although 7200 RPM is better Parallel (Ultra) ATA Disks Many editors use parallel ATA (PAT) disks (also called Ultra DAM, Ultra DIE, and ATA-33/66/100/133) with DVD equipment. Parallel ATA disks are disks that you install internally.
Because imported DVD material has a fixed data rate of approximately 3. 6 MBA/sec. High-performance parallel ATA disks typically can capture and output these streams without difficulty. The numbers following the ATA designation indicate the maximum data transfer rate possible for the ATA interface, not the disk drive itself. For example, an ATA-OHIO interface can theoretically handle 00 MBA/sec. , but most disk drives do not spin fast enough to reach this limit.
Parallel ATA disks use 40- or 80-pin-wide ribbon cables to transfer multiple bits of data simultaneously (in parallel), they have a cable length limit of 18 inches, and they require five volts of power.Depending on your computer, there may be one or more parallel ATA (or DID) controller chips on the motherboard. Each parallel ATA channel on a computer motherboard supports two channels, so you can connect two disk drives. However, when both disk drives are connected, they must share the data initiated of the connection, so the data rate can potentially be reduced.
Serial ATA Disks Serial ATA (SAT) disks are newer than parallel ATA disk drives. The disk drive mechanisms may be similar, but the interface is significantly different. The serial ATA interface has the following characteristics: Serial data transfer (one bit at a time) 150 MBA/sec. Heretical data throughput limit 7-pin data connection, with cable limit of 1 meter Operates with 250 NV Only one disk drive allowed per serial ATA controller chip on a computer motherboard, so disk drives do not have to share data bandwidth Firmware Disk Drives Although not recommended for all systems, Firmware disk drives can be effectively used to capture and edit projects using low data rate video clips, such as those captured using the DVD code. However, most Firmware disk drives lack the performance of internal Ultra ATA disk drives or of internal or external CICS disk drives.For example, a Firmware disk drive may not be able to support real-time playback with as many simultaneous audio and video tracks as an internal Ultra ATA disk drive can.
This can also affect the number of simultaneous real-time effects that can be played back. Keep the following points about Firmware drives in mind: Firmware disk drives are not recommended for capturing high data rate material such as uncompressed SD or HAD video. Certain DVD camcorders cannot be connected to a computer while a Firmware disk drive is connected simultaneously.In many cases, you can improve performance by installing a separate Firmware EPIC Express card to connect your Firmware drive. You may be able to improve performance by reducing the real-time video playback data rate and the number of real-time audio tracks in the General tab of the User Preferences window.
You should never disconnect a Firmware disk drive prior to mounting it from the desktop. CICS Disk Drives Small Computer System Interface (CICS) disk drives used to be among the fastest drives available, although newer computers may no longer provide CICS ports.Although no longer highly popular, CICS technology has been implemented in various ways over the years, with each successive generation achieving better performance. Two fast CICS standards for video capture and playback are: Ultras LIVED (Low Voltage Differential) CICS: Ultras LIVED CICS disk drives offer fast enough performance to future and output video at high data rates when a single disk is formatted as a single volume (as opposed to formatting several disks together as a disk array).
Ultraist and Ultraist CICS: These are faster than Ultras LIVED CICS disks.CICS disks can be installed internally or connected externally. Many users prefer external CICS disk drives because they're easier to move and they stay cooler. If your computer didn't come with a preinstall Ultras LIVED, Ultraist, or Ultraist CICS disk drive, you need to install a CICS card in a EPIC Express slot so you can connect a CICS disk drive externally. A CICS card allows you to connect up to 15 CICS disk drives in a daisy chain, with each disk drive connected to the one before it and the last terminated.
Some CICS cards support more than one channel; multiple-channel cards support 15 CICS disks per channel. ) Use high-quality, shielded cables to prevent data errors. These cables should be as short as possible (3 feet or less); longer cables can cause problems. You must use an active terminator on the last disk for reliable performance. Note: Active terminators have an indicator light that goes on when the CICS chain is powered.
All devices on a CICS chain run at the speed of the slowest device. To achieve a high level of performance, connect only Ultras or faster CICS disk drives to your CICS interface card.Otherwise, you may impede performance and get dropped frames during capture or playback. Fiber Channel Drive Arrays and RAIDS Fiber Channel is a hard disk drive interface technology designed primarily for high- speed data throughput for high-capacity storage systems, usually set up as a disk array or RAID. Fiber Channel disk drive systems typically have performance rivaling or exceeding that of high-performance CICS disk arrays.
One of the most common ways of connecting a computer to a Fiber Channel disk drive system for video capture and output is called a point-to-point connection.A single computer, equipped with a Fiber Channel EPIC Express card, is connected to a single Fiber Channel disk drive array. Unlike CICS systems, Fiber Channel cables can be run extremely long distances, up to 30 meters using copper cables and 6 miles (10 kilometers) using optical cables. For all its advantages, a Fiber Channel disk array requires more setup than other storage options, making it unsuitable for portable use. Fiber Channel disk arrays usually have extremely high capacity (potentially several terabytes of disk storage).
Although this can make them more expensive relative to other storage solutions, the cost per megabyte is often considerably lower. Magnetic Hard Disk Drives The magnetic hard disk drive (HAD) plays an important and extremely useful role in every information processing system; in fact this role is constantly growing as a result of advances in capacity, performance and price. Since the first HAD was introduced in 1956, this device has been the recipient of significant additional technology innovations which have extended its value.
