branching ???????????????? Resistant ???????branching ????????17 ???????????????
- 7 Resistant ?????? - 17 ??????? respiratory bronchiole
anatomical dead space ??????? % ????????????Vd ??????? % ??? Vt?
- 10%- 30%
???????????????? ???? turbulent flow?
Poiseuille's LawV' = ??Pr^4/8?l
3 ???????????????? ?????????????
Elastic fiber surface tension resistance
?????? ?????????? anatomical dead space?
Size Sit Short Sur. age
?????? ?????????? alveolar dead space?
??? (Q????)embolism
Alveolar ventilation?
=VA * RR??? VA = VT-VDVD=30%
Alveolar ventilation equation?[hint : ?????? hypercapnia]
Alveolar ventilation = K * [ CO2-ventilation / PCO2 ??? alveolar ]??????? PCO2 = 863 * CO2-ventilation / Alveolar ventilation
Alveolar gas equation?
???????? P(alveolar)O2 ?????? R(respiratory ratio), FiO2 ???? "760-47" "0.21"
regional difference in ventilation?
??? resting : ????????? ???????? > ???????????????
??????????????? RV?
?????? ????? >> ????? ven.
Ventilation failure?
shunt >> CO2 ???? ???? pneumonia
respiratory failure?
Type I hypoxic onlyType II hypoxic , hypercapnic
????????? MCQ 2
????????? MCQ 2
??? PFT ?? ????????? Asthma?
-FEV1 post-bronchodilator ????? >12%-PEF post-bronchodilator ????? >20%
?????????????????????
Methacholine dose curve ?? PD20 < 8 --> ???? Asthma
Goals for Asthma Rx?
-current-future
Omalizumab?
inhibit IgE cascade
Controllers for Asthma?
-ICS-LABA-Anti-leukotriences-Theophylline-Anti-IgE
airway remodelling ?????????
sub-basement mem. thickeningSM hypertrophyMucus metaplasiaincrease vv.Epi. damage
laryngitis ???? upper ???? lower?
upper
host defense?
-temp,O2???-cilia-IgA-Macrophage-antimicrobial peptide
strep. pharyngitis?
30% ??? pharyngitisGABSSuper Ag > scarlet , TSSinhibit phagocytosis +streptolysin+tissue degrad. enz.*???????* :)
Diphtheria?
Pseudomembrane = ???????????????? + WBCCx= heart + neuropathy
Diphtheria toxin?
A inhibit protein synthesisB bind receptorT translocation ??? cell
