world history modern times chapter 10

was from the city of alexandria.

came up with the geocentric theory

says the universe is a system of spheres one inside the other. geocentric model of the universe

it places the earth at the center of the universe

it places the sun at the center of the universe

wrote on the revolutions of the heavenly spheres

came up with the heliocentric theory

believed that the moon revolved around the earth

from poland

he was german

he too thought that the sun was at the center

the the orbit was not cirrcular, but egg shaped

contradicted the circular orbits and crystal like spheres that were central to the ptolemaic system

was italian

he was the first to make observations using a elescope

discovered mountains on the moon four moons around jupiter and sunspots

wrote the starry mesenger

got in major trouble with the catholic church

created the three laws of motion

was an englishman

where sir isaac went to school

every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by gravity

where vesalius became a proffeser of surgery

showed that the heart was the center of blood flow

showed blood makes a complete circuit through the body

one of the first scientist to conducts controlled experiments

staes the volume of gas varies with the pressure exerted on it

belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge

called the father of modern rationalism

a systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence

english philospher who used inductive reasoning

came up with the scientific method

scientist should proceed from particular to general

came up with the blank slate idea

believed that people were molded by their enviroment

Member of a group of Enlightenment thinkers who tried to apply the methods of science to the improvement of society

philosophical movement of intellectuals who were greatly impressed with the achievments of the scientific revolution

came up with three basic forms of goverment.. republics despotism..and monarchies

beleived there was three branches of goverment executive parliament and judicial

the power is shared between the national goverment and the state goverment.

uses a system of checks and balences

he championed deism

the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation

went to the university of paris

wrote the encyclopedia

a policy based on the idea that bovernment sould play as small a role as possible in the ecomony..do what they want

wrote the wealth of nations

he gave the goverment three roles... to protect from invasion....defend from injustice... and keeping up public works

he wrote the social contract

the doctrine that maintains the state should not intervine in econimics

founder of womens rights.

elegant sitting room where guests are received

where the first newspaper was printed

fanciful but graceful asymmetric ornamentation in art and architecture that originated in France in the 18th century

great composers stand out as musical genuseses

played for princes.

wrote three of the worlds greatest operas

wrote classical music

system in which rulers tried to govern by enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers it was a new type of monarchy

most cultured monarchs...

enlarged the prussia army

he abolished the use of torture

granted limited freedom of speech press and religion

he abolished serfdom,,,elimenated death penalty,,,established the principle of equallityof all before the law...alienated the nobles... freeing the serfs...

she ruled rusiia

Fought between France/Russia and Prussia- Frederick kept fighting against heavy odds and was saved when Peter III took Russian throne and called off the war

Solved what the War of Austrian Succession had not. Prussia and Great Britain fought off France, Austria, and Russia

People of Native American and European descent

offspring of european and african native people

aa new dynasty

served as head of cabinet and pursued peacful foreign polocy

where the british ended the war

agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent contry in 1783

a government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments

The first ten amendments to the Constitution freedom of speech religion press petition and assembly right to bear arms

set up a federal system, in which political authority was divided between the national government and the state governments. Provided a seperation of power between the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government

treaty guarenteed the return of all ocupied territores to the original owner

this document, the nations first constitution, was adopted by the second continental congress in 1781during the revolution. the document was limited because states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage

1776 document stating that the 13 English colonies were a free and independent nation

European rulers who embraced many of the philosophes' reforms, monarchical government dedicated to rational strengthening of central absolutist administration at cost of lesser political power centers