world history hon eoc review

A follower of Islam

Islamic place of worship

True Muslims were expected to follow (principle of Salvation): belief in Allah, pray 5 times a day, giving of alms, fasting during Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime

A monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in 7th century, means "submission to the will of Allah"

A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government

A system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods

The body of Roman law collected by order of the Byzantine emperor, Justinian around A.D. 534.

A principal bishop in the eastern branch of Christianity

A missionary in the 9th century who invented an alphabet for the Slavic language.

Religion practiced in the Byzantine Empire

In agreement with established or generally accepted beliefs or ways of doing things

Capital of the Ottoman Empire, now known as Istanbul

The civilization that developed from the eastern roman empire following the death of the emperor Justinian until the fall of Constantinople in 1453

Relating to the christian church that developed in the Byzantine empire and is under the authority of the pope

Division; split

The bishop of Rome and supreme leader of the Roman Catholic Church

A Mongolian general and emperor of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, known for his military leadership and great cruelty. He conquered vast portions of northern China and southwestern Asia. His name means "universal leader."

Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Shintoism focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship

The supreme military commander of Japan

The historical period from around 500 A.D. up to around 1450 A.D. between the fall of Rome and the birth of the Renaissance

Referring to the Middle Ages

Frankish king who conquered much of Western Europe and was a great patron of leterature and learning. He was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in the year 800.

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to the king, in exchange for thier loyalty, military service and protection of of the people who live on the land.

A code that knights adopted in the late Middle Ages; requiring them to be brave, loyal and true to their word; they had to fight fairly in battle.

Pieces of land given to vassals by their lord

economic plan by which a knight allowed peasants to farm land on his estate in return for food or other payment

lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord in return for military service and loyalty

group of Germanic people who rose to prominence under the leadership of King Clovis

rural laborers, or peasants, who were the poorest members of society, that worked the lord's land in exchange for protection

Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806.

removed from worldly concerns; extremely plain or secluded

a man who separates himself from ordinary human society in order to pursue a life of total dedication to God

The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head.

a woman who has taken a sacred vow to devote her life to prayer and service to the church

a religious community in which women, or nuns live and pray

An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century. (p. 401)

relating to land; relating to the management or farming of land

A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

church court set up to stamp out heresy

the expansion of trade and business that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries

Invaded England from Normandy in 1066; extended tight feudal system to England; established administrative system based on sheriffs; established centralized monarchy.

A legal document written by English lords in 1215 that stated certain rights and limited the power of the King

Plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the 14th century it significantly reduced Europe's population and affected social structure.

Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people

conflict between England and France from 1337 to 1453; fought over lands England possessed in France and feudal rights versus the emerging claims of national states

During the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204), in April 1204, the Crusaders of Western Europe invaded and conquered the Eastern Orthodox city of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire. This is seen as one of the final acts in the Great Schism between the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church.

an opinion different from accepted belief; the denial of an idea that is generally held sacred

a person who holds beliefs that are contrary to the teachings of a church or other group

a body of representatives that makes laws for a nation

belief in a single God

this Mali king brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; he was the most powerful king in west africa

a trading city in central Mali near the Niger river that became a center of wealth and learning.

a member of the Nahuatl people who established an empire in Mexico that was overthrown by Cortes in 1519

people of the Mesoamerican cuture that made great advances in math, astronomy, and the calendar. they lived in Guatemala, the Honduras and near Mexico's Yuclata'n peninsula

Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.

The great period of rebirth in art, literature, and learning in the 14th-16th centuries, which marked the transition into the modern periods of European history

Different sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers

Invented in 1440's; prototype for mass production; transmitted knowledge globally; brought about nationalism; books decreased in cost.

an ideal society; perfect

pardon sold by catholic church to reduce one's punishment

a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society

A queen of England- "The Virgin Queen"- who brought England back out of Catholicism and incorporated some Calvinist ideas into Anglicism

the reform movement within the roman catholic church whose goals were to abolish abuses and reaffirm traditional beliefs

Established church of england, influenced protestant reformation

the belief in government by divine guidance

French Protestants

Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius de Loyola in 1534

(1469-1527) Italian Renaissance writer, described government in the way it actually worked (ruthless). He wrote The Prince (the end justifies the mean).

a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.

voyages to new territories by European navigators in the 15th century

Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.

the race of people who conquered China and founded the Qing Dynasty

to sail around the world

system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills.

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

an economic system based on private property and free enterprise

the theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys

similar to the feudal system, Natives got money and had to buy their products from their owners; few people owned land.

A king or queen with complete authority over the government and people in a kingdom

King of Spain, 1556 - 1598; married to Queen Mary I of England;he was the most powerful monarch in Europe until 1588; controlled Spain, the Netherlands, the Spanish colonies in the New World, Portugal, Brazil, parts of Africa, parts of India, and the East Indies.

devoted to or in the service or worship of a deity

the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God.

document that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots

(1618-1648) This French king ruled for the longest time ever in Europe. He issued several economic policies and costly wars. He was the prime example of absolutism in France

This was the international war between the Protestants and Catholics that eventually ended religious conflicts in Europe

Ended Thirty Years War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic

czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government

- Attitude: Nobility shouldn't work - Spanish Armada was lost - Revolts

document that gave England a government based on a system of laws and a freely elected parliament

an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method

a series of steps followed to solve problems, including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions

the idea that the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.

Enlightenment thinkers during this time period encouraged people to create a just or fair society based on reason.

This political revolution began with the Declaration of Independence in 1776 where American colonists sought to balance the power between government and the people to protect the rights of citizens in a democracy, it lead to the formation of the independent United States.

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

a new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems

is a country's formal document that spells out the principles by which its government operates

France's traditional national assembly with representatives of the three estates, or classes, in French society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. The calling of the Estates General in 1789 led to the French Revolution

King of France during the french revolution who was executed for treason by the National Convention he was executed along with his wife Marie Antoinette in 1793. he sent money and military aid to help the patriots

rose within the French army during the wars of the French Revolution; eventually became general; led a coup that ended the French Revolution; established French Empire under his rule; defeated and deposed in 1815 at Waterloo.

the historic period (1793-94) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed

Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon

Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution.

love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

A country who's population share a common identity.

Prussian prime minister, he led the unification of Germany and the creation of the German empire.

Alexander II in 1861 ended serfdom in Russia; serfs did not obtain political rights and had to pay the aristocracy for lands gained

Change in technology, brought about by improvements in machinery and by use of steam power

1760's; James Watt; engine powered by steam that could pump water from mines 3X as quickly as previous engines

a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts

the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs

an economic system based on state ownership of capital

a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership

The theory created by Karl Marx and Frederich Engels that centers on communism and its inevitability.

an organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members

Pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published in 1848 that describes the basic principles of communism and calls for a working class revolution.

Believed the Industrial Revolution was for the worst because of the burden it put on the working class

founder of modern communism

British philosopher and writer Adam Smith's 1776 book that described his theory on free trade, otherwise known as laissez-faire economics.

right to vote

Production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries

A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa

the policy or practice of treating or governing people in the manner of a father dealing with his children

British colonial financier and statesman in South Africa

a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea

A 17th century joint-stock company founded to trade with India to Britain's advantage

Indian nationalist group formed to work for rights and power for Indians under British rule.

organization formed by muslims in 1906 to protect their interests against British Rule.

conflict between Britain and China in 1839 over the Opium trade

areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

james monroe's statement warning european nations not to colonize or interfere in the americas

a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914)

American approach to China around 1900, favoring open trade relations between China and other nations

A conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea.

A war between China and Japan for influence, power, and territory

policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war

wilson's plan for world peace following world war I

Peace agreement intended to end the Great War and all future wars

28th President of the United States

War fought from 1914 to 1918 between the Central and Allied Powers. The United States joined the Allied Powers in 1917, helping them to victory.

an international organazation up after World War I to prevent future wars

Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)

the party that seized power under Lenin's leadership.

Communist dictator of the Soviet Union

A 20th-century Indian who helped lead his country to independence by using nonviolent resistance to colonial rule.

1905, peaceful protest to Czar Nicholas II palace, led by Father Gapon, fired on by palace guards, 100s died

referring to a form of government in which one person or party holds absolute control

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Created by Lenin in 1922.

Supporter of Lenin who helped in the takeover of Petrograd and the Bolshevik revolution

The Third German Empire, established by Adolf Hitler in the 1930s.

German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)

a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)

a policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations

The german government from 1917-1933 overthrown by Nazis

Hitler's government party

Prime Minister of england

the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler

a mass killing or slaughter of jews

1941-1945: US against Germany, Italy, and Japan

elected Vice President in Roosevelt's 4th term