World History (Florida Edition / Pearson) Ellis Esler

nomadic herders

the messenger of God who devoted his life to spreading Islam

the pilgrimage center that also served as a bustling market town

the city Muhammad and his followers fled to

the journey of Muhammad and his followers to Yathrib

"city of the Prophet"; previously Yathrib

the temple Muhammad believed Abraham had built to worship the one true God

the sacred text of Islam that teaches that God is all-powerful and compassionate

Muslim houses of worship

pilgrimage to Mecca

struggle in God's service

a body of law that includes interpretations of the Quran, examples of behavior from Muhammad's life, and Muslim traditions

Muhammad's father in law who became the caliph after Muhammad

successor to Muhammad

Muslims that believe inspiration comes from the example of Muhammad as recorded by his early followers

Muslims that believe descendants of Muhammad are divinely inspired religious leaders who are empowered to interpret the Quran and actions of Muhammad

Muslim mystics who sought communication with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals

a dynasty of Sunni caliphs who ruled the Muslim empire until 750

a dynasty which lasted until 1258

a city chosen as a capital by al-Mansur

slender towers of the mosques

ruler

the ability to move up in the social class

author of the Shah Namah or Book of Kings that tells the history of Persia

a scholar and an astronomer known best by The Rubaiyat

the art of beautiful writing