World History Chapter 8

decorating of books

christians campaign to drive muslims from the Iberian peninsula

untrustworthy and cruel ruler who was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III

used by chrisitan scholars who used reason to support christian beliefs

outbreak of rapid- spreading disease, most well know as the Black Death

when the emperor or other lay person presented bishops with ring and staff that symbolized their office

dreamed of building an empire from the baltic sea to the adriatic sea

the everyday languages of ordinary people such as french, german and italian

Christian battles muslims for control of lands in the middle east

became King of France in 1226, very religious and did much to improve royal government

expanded royal domain, set up systems of royal justice, organized bureaucracies, developed tax systems and built strong armies

made kingdom more stable, built effective bureaucracies, increased prestige and gained back of new middle class

declared that the church had the sole power to elect and invest bishops with spiritual authority

1095, urban incited bishops and nobles to take action in a crusade to free the holy land

church court set up to try people accused of heresy, jews and muslims who had been forced to convert

Dante- poem that takes the reader into a journey through hell, purgatory, and then heaven

-normal life breaks down and the economy suffers -sacred for hundred of years

legal system based on custom and court rulings

conquers england, required every vassal to pledge first allegiance to him, created doomsday book

was forced to sign the magna carta by angry nobles to allow them more rights

summons parliament to approve money for his wars in france

while he was involved in italy, german noble became more independent, married princess of italy

Reasons for Universities

concluded that faith and reason existed in harmony, written by Thomas Aquinas

dark gloomy, stained glass windows, flying buttresses

started hereditary rule

declared the right to try clergy in royal courts

rampaged in england, france, and germany because of restrictions (from inflation) and fear of the disease

chruch splits because it was unable to provide strong leadership needed in the desperate times

first success was when they captured the city of Toledo, then they pushed south and Portugal was established, then they controlled the entire peninsula

under his rule the due process of law came about which protected free men from arbitrary arrest

studied works of muslim philosopher Averroes and the Jewish rabbi maimonides who also used logic to resolve conflict

plague brought terror and bewilderment because nobody could stop

Gregory said that only the Pope had the right to do this and banned it from the church causing feud between him and henry IV

defeated by the pope in the Lombard League

included epics about nights and chivalry as well as tales of the common people

the war was successful for the muslims, but not the christians

expanded royal courts, outlawed private wars, and ended serfdom in his domain

monks, nuns, and other skilled artists used this

the marriage oaf Ferdinand and Isabella which created spain and completed this

most famous is Thomas Aquinas who wrote Summa Theologica who brought together christian faith and greek philosophy

the economy suffered from the plague because of inflation, workers and employers died and production declined

the struggle last4ed almost 50 years

France extended power and England won "the power of the purse", castles and knights were no longer needed (cannon and longbow), increased trade and cities flourished

featured bright colors and decorative walls

eventually his grandson phillip IV continues to extend power

they left behind a legacy of religious hatred, but the crusading spirit continued in Spain (reconquista)

people began to write oral traditions in this

he does succeed in arranging a marriage between his son and the heiress to sicily and southern Italy

reason supporting faith

listed every castle, field and pigpen in England, believed to be Gods final day of judgement. help Willima build an efficient system of tax collection etc.