World History Chapter 25 The Industrial Revolution

A time when people greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s

Landowners that experimented with more productive seeding and harvesting methods to boost crop yields

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.

The process of developing machine production of goods

the resources needed to produce goods and services that the Industrial Revolution required

place in which workers and machines are brought together to produce large quantities of goods

A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business

Mathematical Instrument maker figured out a way to make the steam engine work faster and more efficiently while burning less fuel

Entrepreneur who paids Watt a salary and encouraged him to build better engines

American inventor ordered a steam engine from Boulton and Watt he built the steamboad the Clermont which made

Improved British roads

Engineer won a bet by hauling ten tons of iron over ten miles of track in a steam driven locomotive

designed and build locomotives

City building and the movement of people to cities

Wrote novels that showed smpathy for the working class

a social class made up skilled workers professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers

people who were part of the working class attacked whole factories in northern England

revolutionized the american textile industry

Rights of ownership

a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts

smuggled a design of spinning machine to the United Sates

the economic policy of letting owners of industry and dusiness et working conditions without interference term for "let people do as they please"

defended the idea of a free economy of free markets in his book the WEALTH OF NATIONS

the law of self interest-- People who work for their own good the law of competition--Competition forces people to make a better product the law of supply and demand--Enough goods would be produces at the lowest possible price to meet demand in a market economy

and economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit

argued that the population tended to increase more rapidly than the food supply

believed that a permanent underclass would always be poor

introduced the philosoophy of utilitarianism

people should judge ideas institutions and actions on the basis of their untility or usefulness these people pushed for reforms in the legal and prison systmes and in education

improved working conditions for his employees founded cooperative community called New Harmony utopia

a ideal society

the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for teh welfare of all

introduced the world to a radical type of socialism called marxism

a form of complete socialism in which the means of production all lands mines factories railroads and businesses would be owned by the people

wokers joined to taoether in voluntary labor associations

refusal to work

American Federation of Labor made up of several joined unions

limited work hours to ten hours for women and children

law made it illegal to hire children under 9 years old

favored free education for all children

founded Standard Oil

Carnegie Steel Company

built first profitable steam boat

improved roadways by layering the roads with large stones for drainage and a smoothed layer of crushed rocks