according to some historians the period in western Europe between 500-1000 is known as what?
dark age
what institute led the spiritual revival?
clergy
list the main issues that reformers of the church were concerned about.
1. village priests marrie & had families 2. simony 3. kings appointed church bishops
what did pope leo IX and pope Gregory VII enforce?
church laws against simony & the marriage of priests
through tax collection what did the church put the money into?
social services
who were friars and what did they do?
traveled from place to place preaching and spreading ideas
larger churches that were built in cities were called what?
cathedrals
name four cathedrals that were built taller than notre dame cathedral?
charties, reims, amiens, Beauvais
how long would the crusades go on for?
300 years
list the four goals of the crusades?
a. economic b. social c. political d. religious
explain the 1st and 2nd crusades and the outcomes of the two?
1- prepared, captured the city 2- Muslims recaptured Jerusalem
explain the third crusade.
signed a truce, Muslims control, Christians could visit holy places
how many more crusades were there after the third crusade and was there much of an outcome?
3, no
explain the children' crusade.
children set out to conquer Jerusalem never happened pope said he was too young
what did the Spanish crusade consist of?
fought for more control of Spain
explain the effects of the crusades (3).
expanded trade- new goods lessened power of pope increased power of kings
what three things did the crusades grow out of?
religious fervor, feudalism, chivalry
what allowed Europe to have the great revival?
better ways of farming
what replaced oxen on the farm?
horses
what item was most traded?
clothes
list some items that were traded
salt, honey, cheese, wire, leather, dyes, knives, and ropes
why were changes in financial services necessary to expand trade
more willing to take chances on buying merchandise
how much had the population grown in europe
30 to 42 million
describe towns
town had narrow streets, no sewers, located at ports along rivers
what was Europe's largest city
byzantine
how did the muslims scholars and crusaders coming back from the Holy Land impact Europe
interest in learning, more libraries
what two groups of conquered people ended up staying in England and what culture did they develop
Angles, Saxons
what early group was a feared invader which led to a special prayer by the people of England?
Danish Vikings
what two goals did English kings try to achieve
juries & common law
why did john softsword lose power and what was the outcome
failed as a military leader
how did phillip II expand his power
tripled the amount of his lands
what three factors were going to slow the democratic status of England and france
religious disputes, plague, war
what led to the collision between the pope and phillip IV
benedict stated that kings must obey popes
in 1305 what did phillip IV do
persuaded the college of cardinals to choose a French archbishop as the new pope
how long would the popes remain at avignon
69 years
explain the situation with the two popes?
pope urbans arrogant personality caused them to hir clements as pope
how did this weaken the church
the move to avignon weakened it
what group tried to end the great schism
council of Constance
who helped the council elect a new pope
holy roman emperor
what three continents were affected by the plague
asia, north Africa, europe
how much of europes population died from the plague
2/3
explain the origins of the plague
Italy, asia, and north Africa
how many Europeans died from the plague
25 million
list the effects of the plauge
population decrease, trade declined, prices rose, serfs left manor for better wages, nobles resisted higher wages so peasants revolted
the hundred years war
the war that Edward II launce for the throne
what two ntions fought one another
French vs. English
how did long bow change warfare
unable to defend against it long range
explain the siege of Orleans
joan of arc led French army
how was joan of arc captured and what happened to her
England allies captured her in battle
list the impacts of the hundred years war
nationalism in England and france power of French monarch increased English suffered internal turmoil known as the war of the roses