World History 2- Midterm Review

an intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievement

wrote the Praise of Folly, which poked fun at greedy merchants, heart sick lovers, quarrelsome scholars and pompous priests

95 reasons why the catholic church should change, written by Martin Luther

a movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority

king of England who withdrew England from the Roman Catholic Church and created Parliament and the Church of England

a meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers; stopped internal corruption

declaration where the french king promised that Protestants could live in peace in France

Protestants vs. Catholics

explored for Spain and conquered the Aztec empire

explored for Spain and conquered the Incan Empire

English explored who was the first to circumnavigate the globe and explore the west part of North America

separated Portuguese territory from Spanish territory

trade network in between the Americas, Europe, and Africa

part of the triangular trade from Africa to Americas along which millions of Africans were transported into slavery

trade between Americas and Europe

idea that the colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country

european nations competed for overseas markets, colonies and resources

spanish military fleet who tried to invade England to punish them for Protestantism, but lost

most powerful and influential French king, built the Palace of Versailles as a symbol of his power; "I am the State"

Tsar who westernized Russia and built St. Petersburg as a center of education and culture; one of Russia's great reformers, help increase tsar's power

English king who wanted absolute power, which led to the English Civil War (lost war and then was executed)

man who led the supporters of Parliament against the supporters of the king in the English Civil War

the period of Charles II's rule over England, after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government and being brought into power

the bloodless overthrow of the English king, James II, and his replacement by William and Mary

limited the power of the monarch and increased the power of Parliament, signed by William and Mary

came up with the heliocentric theory (planets revolve around the sun)

planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits

discovered the laws of gravity and laws of motion

studied the circulation of blood

believed in a social contract where people create a government by giving up their rights to that government; wrote the Leviathan

believed people should overthrow their government if they don't have the natural rights of "life, liberty, and property"

fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of speech and freedom of religion

believed in the separation of powers, checks and balances; wrote On the Spirit of Laws

believed that a good government was freely formed by the people and guided by the "general will" of society; wrote the Social Contract

the political and social system that existed in France before the French revolution

king of France during the French Revolution

a French Congress established by representatives of the 3rd Estate to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French People

French fortress which imprisoned political prisoners, its attack marked the beginning of the French Revolution

a series of meetings during which the European leaders sought to establish long-lasting peace and security after the defeat of Napoleon

monarchs brought back to power/ right of a monarch to rule

having political or social views favoring reform and progress

favored drastic change

in spanish colonies, a colonist who was born in Latin America to Spanish parents

a person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry

former slave, liberated Haiti from France

creole, liberated Venezuela, Columbia and other areas of South America from Spain

priest, liberated Mexico from Spain

a US policy of opposition to European interference in Latin America, announced by president James Monroe