steerage
a large open area beneath a ship's deck
ethnic
having a common racial, national, or cultural tradition
exclusion
the act of keeping a person or group out
what attracted immigrants to the United States
the United States was not overpopulated and had religious freedom, jobs, and food
how did the first wave of immigrants differ from the second wave
most immigrants in the first wave were Protestant, and many had some education and experience living under a representative government. The second wave included people of many different religions. Many were poor and could not read or write. Their religion custom and languages made them stand out from Americans
why did many Americans oppose immigration
because they didn't blend in and they didn't look like Americans
how did natives in the West show their opposition to Chinese immigration
by having violated anti-Chinese riots and passing the exclusion act
what were the reasons for Latin American immigration to the United States in the late 1800s
they wanted to escape from the fighting and disorder
Ellis Island
where most European immigrants checked into the United States
Emma Lazarus
wrote the poem on the bottom of the statute of liberty
immigration restriction league
a native group that demanded a literacy test to separate the desirable and undesirable immigrants
Angel Island
Asian immigrants typically checked into the United States here
tenement
a rundown apartment building
sweatshop
an unhealthy workplace where people are overworked
racism
feeling against people because of their ethnic background or skin color
why were some areas in cities unhealthy
they were overcrowded, dark, dirty and had no running water and it all lead to disease
how did settlement houses improve life for people in cities
they offered hot meals, citizenship, and nursery, classes in English
what type of corruption existed in many city governments
bribery. Bribing people to vote. Business owners would bribe people to vote for officials who were not the best qualified and exchange they would get a job
how did Congress respond to corruption in business
by passing the Pendleton civil service act
how did Plessy versus Ferguson affect the rights of African-Americans
it didn't help them because the Supreme Court said blacks and whites can be separate as long as they are in an equal quality place which didn't happen
what was the effect of the Chinese exclusion act of 1882
to no longer allowed Chinese immigrants into the United States
triangle shirtwaist factory
fire here killed 146 people in 1911
Jane Addams
founded the Hull house which provided services for the poor people of the neighborhood
Cornelius Vanderbilt
a "captain of industry" who got rich by investing in railroads
boss William Marcy Tweed
a famous corrupt New York City leader. He controlled elections and illegally padded city bills
Homer Plessy
an African-American who was arrested for attempting to sit in a railroad car that was designated for whites
muckraker
a writer who brings attention to problems in society
progressive
a person who believes in social progress through reform
prohibition
the band on the making and sale of alcoholic drinks
direct primary
an election in which members of a political party vote to choose their candidates
suffrage
the right to vote
how did the muckrakers bring about social reform
by printing all of the issues of the government and US
what was the goal of the WCTU
to stop the use of alcohol
what improvements were made in local and state government
in cities they had limited political power and introduced commissions. In state government they set up commissions, past the progress of laws, Limited work hours and past workers compensation laws
what were African Americans and women fighting for
equality
trust
a giant corporation made up of a group of companies
conservation
protection of natural resources
how did President Roosevelt show his support for progressive movement
Department of commerce, Sherman antitrust, meat inspection act
what was Theodore Roosevelt vision of government
government should be active in making people's lives better - "square deal"
why did Roosevelt want to defeat Taft in the election of 1912
because he was unhappy with Taft's progress
what reforms were made during President Wilson's administration
19th amendment - women were allowed to vote; Underwood Simmons tariff act - lower tariffs; Federal Reserve act - government supervises banks; Clayton antitrust act - outlawed unfair trade practices
why was the Federal Reserve act important
because it gave the government control over banks
Lincoln Steffens
a muckraker who found corruption in city governments
Jacob Riis
they muckraker who photographed tenements and factories in New York City
Upton Sinclair
wrote "The jungle" which described unclean conditions in factories that processed meat
Galveston Texas
was the first to use the commission after it was practically destroyed by hurricane in 1900
WEB DuBois
helped found the NAACP
Theodore Roosevelt
set aside nearly 200 million acres of land for conservation as president
William Taft
Roosevelt Secretary of War who became president in 1909
Woodrow Wilson
the Democratic nominee who won the presidential election of 1912
Louis D Brandeis
the first Jewish person to serve as a Supreme Court justice
imperialism
the practice of one nation controlling other nations through conquest and colonization
isolationism
the policy of staying out of the political affairs of other countries
sphere of influence
a region in which one nation has influence or control over other nations
why do Americans begin looking outward during the late 1800s
they could sell the products abroad and expand their empire and their culture on people day trader with
in what ways did the United States began to expand
by purchasing Alaska, chatting with Japan, and gaining control of Hawaii
what role did business owners play in the annexation of Hawaii
the business owners purchased land in Hawaii to grow sugarcane. The Queen felt that Hawaii was for the Hawaiians. the business owners revolted against the Queen and then the US military was called to help and that made the Queen surrender
what was the open door policy in China
allowed any country to trade in China
Matthew Perry
under the president's command, he arrived in Japan demanding that they open trade relations with the US
William H Seward
bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
Alfred Thayer Mahan
the admiral who wrote "influence of Sea power upon history"
Queen Liliuokalani
American business owners revolted against her, which resulted in the annexation of Hawaii
John M Hay
the Secretary of State who asked for an open door policy with China
most poor immigrants lived in places called tenements
...
the goal of the WCTU was to make literary tests for immigrants mandatory
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the first wave of immigrants was from Western Europe
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Wisconsin was the first state to require a direct primary for an election
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Theodore Roosevelt was the first president to set aside land for conservation
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18th amendment prohibited the sale of alcohol
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interstate commerce act
regulation of railroads
