US History Midterm Exam: Units 1-5

He supported the creation of a national bank

Formed around the issue of the power of the federal and state governments

Party that favored more power for Federal government

Thomas Jefferson want our economy to be dominated by farmers

People who believe the government should exercise only the powers specifically listed in the constitution

Helped to establish the power of the federal government to enforce federal laws in the states

Allowed the Supreme Court to decide if laws are Constitutional or not

The case that gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review

Doubled the size of the U.S. allowing for westward expansion and getting rid of the French in North America

Said states had the power to declare laws unconstitutional

A cause of the War of 1812; British took American sailors

Led Midwestern Indians against American government, died in War of 1812

The Battle of New Orleans made him a hero

The Democratic-Republicans viewed these as a violation of freedom of speech

Men like Henry Clay & John C. Calhoun who wanted to invade Canada

Ended the War of 1812

Describes the time after the War of 1812 when Monroe was president and the Democratic-Republicans were in charge

Henry Clay's plan to create an independent and strong economy that connected all parts of the country through internal improvements

This geographic region became the center of the industrial movement

Idea that God gave the West to America and the country should stretch from sea to sea

Policy that European countries should stay out of the Western Hemisphere

Caused by the Indian Removal Act; the journey of the Cherokees to Indian Territory

Who was seen by Americans as the victim of the Corrupt Bargain? (won the popular vote; but wasn't president)

Practice of giving government jobs in exchange for political support

Was formed by those who wanted a weaker president; didn't like Pres. Jackson

The issue that South Carolina's 1830's nullification crisis originally occurred over

The territory that wanted to become a state which upset the balance of slave & free states in the Senate

Religious movement that spread across the country

A new church in the 18030s, called Latter Day Saints, that were persecuted by many

Groups that shared their belongings and lived outside of mainstream society

First women's rights meeting

Advocate for humane treatment of the mentally ill & prison reform

Started a failed slave rebellion; resulted in harsher slave laws

Owned the Liberator; was an avid abolitionist

Advocate for public education

Lincoln argued that slavery should not be extended to the west, while Douglas argued for popular sovereignty

California became a free state, the slave trade ended in D.C. and fugitive slave laws were more harsh

Part of the Compromise of 1850 that allowed policemen & citizens to capture & send African Americans south

Idea that territories would decide to be slave or free by vote

Book that influenced many northerners against slavery

Court case that determined that slaves were not citizens

abolitionist who took part in Bleeding Kansas & attacked the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry

Person who help slaves escape North through the Underground Railroad

The election of Lincoln and S.C. secession

After this law, pro & anti slavery forces rushed to Kansas

Caused South Carolina to secede from the Union

The main advantage that the Confederates had over the Union

Confederate general who led the south

Union victory that gave the north access to the Mississippi River

Union scheme to blockade the South

Confederate retreat from this massive three day battle marked the last invasion into Union territory, and served as the final turning point of the war.

Memorable speech by Lincoln to dedicate the field to the soldiers who died & help the country cope with their loss

President Lincoln changed the purpose of the war from preserving the union to slavery

During the war, President Lincoln allowed people to be held & imprisoned without being charged or tried

Attacking any enemy resources; idea that the crueler the war, the faster it would end

Lee surrenders and the Civil War ends

Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War

Used violent tactics in order to intimidate African-Americans from voting & participating in elections

Farmers lived in a cycle of poverty that rendered them in debt to the landowners

Describes southern support of Democratic Party

Sold western land at a low price to people willing to farm it

Sold land to raise money for agricultural & technical colleges

Wanted to punish the south after the Civil War with harsh reconstruction terms

Laws that limited the rights of African Americans after the Civil War

Abolished slavery

States must give all citizens equal protection and due process of law

People can vote regardless of race

Native Americans hunted them for food, clothing, housing & tools

General Custer & his men were killed by the Sioux

Occurred because of white settlers discomfort with the Ghost Dance

Written by Helen Hunt Jackson about the ill-treatment of Native Americans by the government

Split Indian land into plots to encourage Native Americans to become farmers

Black soldiers who joined the Army and fought in the Indian Wars

Appeared suddenly and were successfully when gold or silver were discovered nearby

Cheap & easy way to confine cattle in one area

Where the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads met

First regulatory agency; oversaw the railroad industry

Largest silver find

Name of the groups the Republican party split into in the 1870-80s.

New party that supported farms, regulating railroads & bimetallism

Wanted to use both gold & silver to back up U.S. Greenbacks

Given by William Jennings Bryan in support of bimetallism

Law that replaced the spoils system with the merit system for government jobs

A business buy up other companies that produce the same thing they do

A business owns every level or step of the manufacturing process

Ran the NY political machine from Tammany Hall

Nickname for the rich industrialists like Rockefeller & Carnegie

Made his fortune in steel manufacture, was a great philanthropist

Made his fortune by creating a monopoly in the oil industry

Idea supported by Carnegie, that the wealthy had an obligation to help the poor

Idea that the most fit business & people would succeed and the government should not help those people or business that failed

Nickname for the time period in the late 1800s to describe the success & poverty of the time

Made monopolies illegal, but was often used against unions

Made many distrust unions, Knights of Labor disappear

Trade union founded by Samuel Gompers

Labor activist and unsuccessful Socialist Party presidential candidate

The entry point for immigrants coming to the U.S. via the East coast

Crowded, unsafe multifamily housing in the cities near factories

Founded Hull House to assist immigrants

Written by Jacob Riis to draw attention to the poor conditions of factory workers