US History II Clep

poor immigrants and ethnic communities in the inner cities. they promised them help in return for votes.

Jazz

failed attacks by the Vietcong guerillas and North Vietnamese, but it simultaneously ended US hopes for an early end to the Vietnam War

The Greek Civil War

Greece was torn between Communism and democracy and they could not have defeated communism without western help.

American expansionism and support for the Cuban nationalism.

The senate was angry at Wilson for the way he handled the negotiations and for the treaty that the peace conference produced. Wilson refused to compromise on various treaty provisions and the senate rejected the treaty both times it was sent to them.

young writers disillusioned by the materialism, decadence, and conformity dominating 1920s America

Leader of the Democratic Tammany Hall, New York political machine (greedy)

excessive stocks and securities speculation//protectionist trade measures//huge farm debts resulting from collapsed crop prices//imbalance of distribution of wealth in which the rich controlled far too much of the available income

This Act reversed previous Indian policy by guaranteeing religious freedom and tribal self-government and providing economic assistance.

aimed to secure civil rights for all Americans and eliminating poverty

established separate segregated facilities for blacks and whites

Europe retaliated and our economy as well as theirs weakened.

raised US tariffs on imported goods. second highest raise in US history...decreased our exports and imports by half

we traded arms to Iran for the release of our hostages

the great plains

guaranteed equal protection under the law for every American citizen.

Andrew Johnson

prohibited slavery

guaranteed voting rights

women could vote

authorized income tax

because of his role of covering it up

set collective war strategy and long-term war goals for Britain and the United States

Sponsored by Senator Henry L Dawes, this act dissolved many tribes as legal entities, wiped out tribal ownership of land, and set up individual Indian family heads with 160 free acres. If the Indians behaved like "good white settlers" then they would get full title to their holdings as well as citizenship. The Dawes Act attempted to assimilate the Indians with the white men.

a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology

fought for African American rights. Helped to found Niagra Movement in 1905 to fight for and establish equal rights. This movement later led to the establishment of the NAACP

He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of progressive education. He believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard."

In a meeting near Washington, D.C., held from August 21 to October 7, 1944, U.S., Great Britain, U.S.S.R. and China met to draft the constitution of the United Nations.

25%

Midway

ordered the desegregation of public schools, prohibiting the practice of segregation via "separate but equal" schools for blacks and whites

emphasis on speed over quality of work

American gov allowed the deposed Iranian Shah to come to the U.S. for cancer treatment

retreat from the military interventionism and blatant economic domination, which had characterized previous American policy toward Latin America

"trickle down" theory- supply side economic policies. cut federal spending on domestic programs and cut taxes for the wealthy and corporations. he thought this would help create new jobs.

Woodrow Wilson's 1918 proposal to convince Germans they would be treated fairly if they surrendered.

they considered themselves caretakers, not dynamic initiators of new legislation.

exposes of government and business corruption, abuse, and mismanagement led to widely supported public demands for effective reform.

the historic period (1933-1940) in the U.S. during which President Franklin Roosevelt's economic policies were implemented

Civil Works Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Works Progress Administration, National Youth Administration

the destruction of the buffalo herds by whites

pushed tenant farmers and poor independent farmers into deep levels of debt to large landowners and merchants.

curbed abusive pricing and hauling policies by the nation's railroads.

the only dominant broad-based labor union in the united states from 1870-1890

the Soviets had invaded Afghanistan

wrote "the feminine mystique" about feminism. women can do anything men can do.

outlawed discrimination toward african-american voters

reduced federal income taxes for all taxpayers

Grenada

the silent majority. nixon's slogan was "law and order"

the citizens who weren't really involved in the violent anti-war Vietnam protests. they didn't involve themselves in race riots or activism. the silent majority was the average citizen. hard working middle class conservative.

slim majority, but it gave the approval for the war enough edge to win out. (gulf war)

national security council

New taxes to fund military growth

Passed by Congress in 1991, this act banned discrimination against the disabled in employment and mandated easy access to all public and commerical buildings.

prohibited strikes. right to work laws (companies couldn't force union membership) aka labor management relations act.

strategic arms limitation talks- for the purpose of armament control between US and Soviets

froze the number of weapons where they were at. Nixon. Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD). meaning if both sides deployed their missiles then both parties would be destroyed...there would be no "victory."

the first treaty between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics resulting from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

(JEC) 1979, Second Strategic Arms Limitations Talks. A second treaty was signed on June 18, 1977 to cut back the weaponry of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. because it was getting too competitive. Set limits on the numbers of weapons produced. Not passed by the Senate as retaliation for U.S.S.R.'s invasion of Afghanistan, and later superseded by the START treaty.

part of the panic of 1873 (long depression) in which president rutherford hayes sent in troops to stop the strikers. because of the financial losses, more people started to turn to the democrats, and stopped supporting the republicans (the people forcing the reconstruction)

a president can't take someone out of office just because they were appointed by a previous president unless Congress agrees.

he came within one vote of impeachment

the election between hayes (republican) and tilden (democrat). there were contested votes in some southern states, so in this compromise, the south agreed to let hayes win if the republicans put a stop to the reconstruction. freedman viewed this as a betrayal, because whites began to ignore the assurance of civil rights in the south.

wilson. 16th amendment

churchill and FDR decided that the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers was necessary.

appealed to Southern and Great Plains farmers frustrated with low crop prices and drowning in the sharecropping and crop lien systems.

those implemented by Franklin Delanor Roosevelt during the Great Depression to give relief to the unemployed.

programs designed to overcome past discriminatory actions such as providing employment opportunities to members of a group that were previously denied employment because of racial barriers

the modification of the constitution or a law

the act of making concessions to a political party of military rival

using American military power to fortify the diplomatic policies of the United States

leaders of the three major allied powers ( Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin)

the first ten amendments to the constitution

politics that emphasizes cooperation between the major parties

October 29, 1929, the day the stock market fell about 40 points with 16.5 million shares traded

federal money provided to a state of local government for a general purpose, such as reducing crime or improving education, with relatively few requirements on how the states can spend the money

the supreme court declared the doctrine of "separate but equal" constitutional

a closed meeting of Democratic Party leaders to agree on a legislative program

legislative act that removed racial barriers in all places vested with public interest

a lawsuit filed on behalf of a group of persons with a similar legal claim against a party or individual

parliamentary procedure for ending debate and calling for an immediate vote on a pending matter.

a corporation that has many businesses in unrelated fields

Right wing guerillas who fought the leftist Sandinista government of Nicaragua

the act of placing members of the same political party on the bench so that opinion of the court will be consistent with the political party's ( seen most dramatically with Franklin D. Roosevelt)

What pro-inflation forces called the demonetization of silver

segregation that results from nongovernmental action; i.e.,administered by the pubic

legally established segregation

the act of reducing or eliminating economic controls

Southern Democrats who opposed Truman because of his support of civil rights; nominated Strom Thurmond for president in 1948 campaign

the supreme court upheld the right of a slave owner to reclaim his property after the slave had fled into a free state

the power of a government to seize private property for public use, usually with compensation to the owner

a belief that one's ethnic group is superior

informal agreements made by the executive with a foreign government

a senator who gains the floor has the right to go in talking until the senator relinquishes the floor to another

the right to engage in the electing of public office holders

redrawing of congressional districts in order to secure as many representative party voters as possible

case decided by the U.S supreme court in 1963 that established the right to legal representation for all defendants in criminal cases

the republican party

political scandal involving the selling of arms to Iran so that the profits from these sales could be used to fund the contras in Central America

laws designed to promote racial segregation

im 1960 became youngest man elected president of the united states; established peace corps in 1961; issued challenge to NASA to land a man on the moon; assassinated in 1963

civil rights leader who fought for the rights of minorities by the use of peaceful civil disobedience

international organization to promote peaceful resolution of international conflicts; called on all members to protect the territorial integrity and political independence of all nations; replaced by United Nations

radical muslin leader who wanted a total separation of the races

the supreme court recognized that evidence seized without a search warrant cannot be used

1966 case in which the supreme court decided that all persons who are detained or arrested must be informed of their rights

Christian conservatives, led by the Rev. jerry Falwell. who favored prayer and teaching of creationism in public schools, opposed abortion and pornography, and backed a strong national defense

investigative journalists and authors who exposed corruption in business and government

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; pledged that and attack against one was an attack against all

process by which persons acquire citizenship

legislation championed by Franklin D. Roosevelt during the great depression that provided a safety net (Social Security) for all members of society

the only president of the United States to resign after being confronted with impeachment (because of his alleged actions in the Watergate scandal)

an agreement not to distribute nuclear arms to countries that do not have them

declared that trade with China should be open to all nations

a doctrine of Constitutional interpretation that says Supreme court Justices should base their interpretations of the Constitution in its authors' intent

political opposition drawn along party lines

supreme court ruling that established the rule of "separate but equal" as being constitutional

a political coalition of agrarians with urban workers and the middle class; goals included monetization of silver, a graduated income tax, public ownership of railroads, telegraph, telephone systems, an eight hour work day, and a ban on private armies used to break up strikes.

political movement calling for rejuvenation of free enterprise capitalism and the destruction of illegal monopolies; also called for civil service reform and honest and efficient government

two-term president during the 1980's whose economic policies follower supply-side theory

the process whereby a legislative proposal is vetoed upon by popular vote

the supreme court decision establishing a woman's right to an abortion

President of the united Sates during the Depression and WWII; most noted for his enactment of New Deal programs such as the Social Security Act

Southerners who supported Reconstruction programs

economic theory that says if government policies leave more money in the hands of people, they will invest it and stimulate the economy

nonverbal communication of a political idea

President Truman's assertion that the United States must support free peoples who were resisting Communist domination

the Supreme court ruled that material vested with a public interest could not be withheld from evidence under the rule of executive privilege

the act requires Congress to approve stationing American troops overseas fro more than 90 days (so that another Vietnam wouldn't happen)

the illegal entry and phone monitoring in 1972 of Democratic headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington by members of the Republican Party

those implemented by Franklin Delano Roosevelt during the Great Depression to give relief to the unemployed.

programs designed to overcome past discriminatory actions such as providing employment opportunities to members of a group that were previously denied employment because of racial barriers.

the modification of the constitution or a law.

the act of making concessions to a political or military rival.

Using American military power to fortify the diplomatic policies of the United States.

Leaders of the three major powers allied powers (Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin).

the first ten amendments to the Constitution.

politics that emphasizes cooperation between the major parties.

October 29, 1929, the day the stock market fell about 40 points with 16.5 million shares traded.

federal money provided to a state or local government for a general purpose, such as reducing crime or improving education, with relatively few requirements on how the states can spend the money.

the Supreme Court declared the doctrine of "separate but equal" unconstitutional.

the heads of the various departments in the Executive branch who aid in the decision-making process.

the execution of an individual by the state as punishment for heinous offenses.

a closed meeting of Democratic Party leaders to agree on a legislative program.

legislative act that removed racial barriers in all places vested with a public interest.

a lawsuit filed on behalf of a group of persons with a similar legal claim against a party or individual.

parliamentary procedure for ending debate and calling for an immediate vote on a pending matter.

a meeting between committees of the two branches of the legislature to reconcile differences in pending bills.

a corporation that has many businesses in unrelated fields.

strategy that called for containing communism and preventing it from spreading any further.

Right-wing guerrillas who fought the leftist Sandinista government of Nicaragua.

the act of placing members of the same political party on the bench so that opinion of the court will be consistent with the political party's (seen most dramatically wit Franklin Delano Roosevelt).

What pro-inflation forces called the demonetization of silver.

segregation that results from non-goverment action; i.e., administered by the public.

legally established segregation.

any member of the Democratic Party, one of two major parties in the U.S.; party's lineage traces to Jefferson's Democratic Republican Party (1792).

the act of reducing or eliminating economic controls.

the removal of racial barriers either by legislation or judicial action.

Southern Democrats who opposed Truman because of his support of civil rights; nominated Strom Thurmond for president in 1948 campaign.

the Supreme Court upheld the right of a slave owner to reclaim his property after the slave had fled into a free state.

the power of a government to seize private property for public use, usually with compensation to the owner.

a belief that one's ethnic group is superior.

informal agreements made by the executive with a foreign government.

a senator who gains the floor has the right to go on talking until the senator relinquishes the floor to another.

treaties, agreements, and programs focusing on the relations between the United States and other nations.

the right to engage in the electing of public office holders.

redrawing of congressional districts in order to secure as many representative party votes as possible.

case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1963 that established the right to legal representation for all defendants in criminal cases.

the Republican Party.

empty spaces around cities where the homeless would set up empty shacks in which to live.

the process used to remove certain officials, including the President, from office. Similar to a trial, impeachment does not necessarily mean that an official will be removed from office; he or she must be found guilty of an impeachable offense.

group of persons who share some common interest and attempt to influence elected members of the government.

the selling of arms to Iran so that the profits from these sells could be used to fund the contras in El Salvador.

Laws designed to promote racial segregation.

elected in 1960 as youngest president of the United states; established the Peace Courts in 1961; issued challenge to NASA to land a man on the moon; assassinated in 1963.

civil rights leader who fought for the rights of minorities by the use of peaceful civil disobedience.

a defeated office holder after that person has lost their re-election, but is still in office until the newly elected official is sworn in.

international organization to promote peaceful resolution of international conflicts; called on all members to protect the territorial integrity and political independence of all nations; replaced by United Nations.

the objection by the president to a single item in a piece of legislation; this authority, signed into law by President Clinton in 1996, was unsuccessfully challenged as unconstitutional by six members of Congress, with the U.S. Supreme Court saying the plaintiffs had no legal standing to bring to case.

activities aimed at influencing public officials and the policies they enact.

radical Muslim leader who wanted a total separation of the races.

the Supreme Court recognized decided that evidence seized without a search warrant cannot be used.

the act of seeking subversives without cause or need (seen during the 1950s when Senator Joseph McCarthy stoked fear of Communism).

1966 case in which U.S. Supreme Court decided that all persons who are detained or arrested must be informed of their rights.

Christian conservatives, led by Rev. Jerry Falwell, who favored prayer and teaching of creationism in public schools, opposed abortion and pornography, and backed a strong national defense.

investigative journalists and authors who exposed corruption in business and government.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; pledged that an attack against one was an attack against all.

process by which persons acquire citizenship.

legislation championed by Franklin Delano Roosevelt during the Great Depression that provided a safety net (e.g., Social Security) for all members of society.

the only president of the United States to resign after being confronted with impeachment (because of his alleged actions in the Watergate scandal).

an agreement not to distribute nuclear arms to countries that do not have them.

declared that trade with China should be open to all nations.

a doctrine of Constitutional interpretation that says Supreme Court Justices should base their interpretations of the Constitution on its authors' intentions.

political opposition drawn along party lines.

Supreme Court ruling that established the rule of "separate but equal" as being constitutional.

constitutional question that judges refuse to answer because to do so would encroach upon the authority of Congress or the president.

the requirement of a person to pay for the right to vote.

a political coalition of agrarians with urban workers and the middle class; goals included monetization of silver, a graduated income tax, public ownership of railroads, telegraph, telephone systems, an eight-hour workday, and a ban on private armies used to break up strikes.

political movement calling for rejuvenation of free enterprise capitalism and the destruction of illegal monopolies; also called for civil service reform and honest and efficient government.

the beliefs, preferences, and attitudes about an issue that involves the government or society at large.

two-term president during the 1980s whose economic policies followed supply-side theory.

the process whereby a legislative proposal is voted upon by popular vote.

any member of the Republican Party, one of the U.S.'s two major political parties; the GOP came into being 1854-1856, unifying anti-slavery forces.

the Supreme Court decision establishing a woman's right to an abortion.

president of the United States during the Depression and World War ll; most noted for his enactment of New Deal programs such as the Social Security Act.

Southerners who supported Reconstruction programs.

application of Darwin's theory of evolution, survival of the fittest, to justify unequal distribution of wealth by claiming that God granted wealth to the fittest.

economic theory that says if government policies leave more money in the hands of people, the will invest it and stimulate the economy.

nonverbal communication of a political idea.

any tax levied on import goods.

President Truman's assertion that the United States must support free peoples who were resisting Communist domination.

the Supreme Court ruled that material vested with a public interest could not be withheld from evidence under the rule of executive privilege.

the act requires Congress to approve stationing American troops overseas for more than 90 days.

the illegal entry and phone monitoring in 1972 of Democratic headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington by members of the Republican Party.

Each of the seceded states had to have 10 percent of their voting population agree to rejoining the Union according to this plan.

(Dec. 1863) issued by Lincoln: offered full pardon to Southerners who would take oath of allegiance to the Union and acknowledge emancipation

These were a small group of people in 1865 who supported black suffrage. They were led by Senator Charles Sumner and Congressman Thaddeus Stevens. They supported the abolition of slavery and a demanding reconstruction policy during the war and after.

1864 Proposed far more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction; required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution; Lincoln refused to sign the bill, pocket vetoing it after Congress adjourned.

1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs

Provided blacks with the right to serve in juries, vote, and sue, as well as other rights.

Freed all slaves

Made all former slaves born in the United States citizens, a constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians

a secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep african americans from obtaining their civil rights

(1867) divided the South into military districts, granted local voting rights to African Americans, and barred former Confederate leaders from holding office.

a bill passed to secure black voting rights, this placed Union troops in charge of voter registration.

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Requires the president to get formal approval of Congress before he removes any congressionally appointed cabinet member

Strong proponent of Reconstruction left over from Lincoln's cabinet; Andrew Johnson tried to fire him after the Tenure of Office Act was enacted, and AJ faced trials for impeachment.

laws passed in the south just after the civil war aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit african american workers

1871, this act allowed Congress to act against terrorist organizations like the Ku Klux Klan and outlawed Klan activity

Northerners who went to the South after the Civil War to profit financially from the confused and unsettled conditions

southern whites who supported republican policy throught reconstruction

people who rent a plot of land from another person, and farm it in exchange for a share of the crop

an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

a major scandal in Grant's second term; a construction company, aided by members of COngress, bilked the government out of $20-40 million in building the transcontinental railroad. Members of Congress were bribed to cover up the overcharges.

During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars.

Party formed in 1872 (split from the ranks of the Republican Party) which argued that the Reconstruction task was complete and should be set aside. Significantly dampered further Reconstructionist efforts.

Head of the Democrat's political machine that was headquartered in Tammany Hall.

Hayes' opponent in the 1876 presidential race, he was the Democratic nominee who had gained fame for putting Boss Tweed behind bars. He collected 184 of the necessary 185 electoral votes.

this act set up an electoral commission consisting of 15 people from the senate, house, and supreme court.