US History-Chapter 18 – WWII

American general who was ordered by President Roosevelt to flee the Philippines, but kept his promise when he returned

date when the US dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan

June 4, 1942 - turning point for the US when Japan suffered a devastating lost at sea - Americans sank 4 of Japan's aircraft carriers, and they lost 200 planes

when the US dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan

when the Japanese government accepted American's terms for surrender on the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay

the first naval combat carried out entirely by aircraft - 5 day battle, aircraft launched from carriers bombed enemy ships more than 70 miles away - cost both sides (US & Japan) more than half their planes

the first major battle when the Japanese used kamikaze - 3 day battle involving 280 warships

Japan bombed Pearl Harbor

they developed a secret code that the enemy couldn't break, providing secure communication links

code name for the team of scientists working on the atom bomber - leader was Oppenheimer

Enrico Fermi C& Einstein

the battle in the Pacific where the greatest number of Americans lost their lives - 50,000 - was the last holdout, but the path was cleared to take over Japan

D- Day - the date when the Allied forces invaded Normandy

American President who ordered the bombs dropped on Japan

invade Japan - huge loss of life, naval blockade -more bombing, relax Allied demands for unconditional surrender, demonstrate the bomb on a remote island

the action that the US took against the Japanese Americans after Pearl Harbor was attacked

A long trek across the Philippines that American and Filipino prisoners of war were forced to make by the Japanese in 1942. The Japanese forced 75,000 American and Filipino prisoners to march 65 miles with little food or water, already weak and diseased, prisoners died or were executed when they couldn't move on.

August 1942 - first jungle warfare for Americans - Americans were easy targets for Japanese snipers - after 5 months and several battles in the water, Americans took control, conquering their first piece of Japanese-held territory

lost 25,000 Americans

destroy everything as you retreat so the enemy has nothing - no resources

planes scattered large number of bombs over a wide area

first battle that Germany lost on German soil

V-E Day - victory in Europe - when Germany surrendered to the Allies

V-J Day - victory in Japan - when Japan surrendered to the Allies

invading Soviet Union - then they had to fight on two fronts

pathfinders were dropped to light the way for airplanes to drop paratroopers, then they would take out the guns, demolition units were sent on beaches to clear obstacles so landing crafts could land

where Germany was to be divided by four countries into four sections (France, Britain, Soviet Union, and the US)

Germany invades Poland

Official start to World War II, Britain and France declare war on Germany

United States declare war on Japan

Germany and Italy declare war on the United States

discrimination or hostility, often violent, directed at Jews

stripped Jews of their German citizenship, outlawed marriage between Jews and non-Jews

night of terror for Jews - broken windows in synagogues and Jewish owned businesses/houses, thousands of Jews arrested and shipped to concentration camps, followed by an enormous fine to Jews to pay for damages

rounded up more than 400,000 Jews and confined them in an area less than 3% of the city - received little food, suffered from hunger

mobile killing squads to shoot communist political leaders as well as Jews in German occupied territory

Nazi officials developed a plan to achieve "the Final Solution to the Jewish question" = deliberate destruction of Jewish race

the death camp where the majority of Jews were killed

the rejection of the Nazi's argument that they were only "following orders"

leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during World War II

President Roosevelt's Army Chief of Staff who was too valuable to the President to send over to Europe

German term for "lightning war"

name of the agreement reached by President Roosevelt and the British Prime Minister when they met off the coast of Newfoundland

German general known as the "Desert Fox"

type of government that places the importance of the nation above the value of the individual

American general who was in charge of the Allied forces in Europe

a form of government that places the importance of the nation above the value of the individual

leader of Italy during World War II

British Prime Minister during World War II

Germany, Japan, Italy

winter = lack of food, they were overstretched