US History Chapter 1-11

Religious group that wanted to separate from the English Church

Companies what allowed several investors to pool their wealth in support of a colony that would yield profit.

Explorers who were lured by the prospect of vast lands filled with gold and silver

A protestant sect that held services without formal ministers

Aztec Emperor

Puritan leader

Belonged to the Quakers, acquired lots of land and wanted to create a new system of government and make sure that the Native Americans were payed for their land.

Followed the ideals of Enlightenment, proved that lightning was a form of electricity.

Clergy who preaches the original Puritan vision. One of the most religious scholars of his time.

Ideas that the world was governed by fixed mathematical laws rather than solely by the will of God.

Economic system in which countries competed for wealth and power.

A series of religious revivals aimed at restoring the intensity and dedication of the early Puritan church.

confirmed US independence & set boundaries

Created of the US, free independent states

Parliament passes a series of laws in reaction to the boston tea party

alliance among 13 states

Established a Proclamation Line where colonists were not allowed to cross (west of the Appalachian Mountains). Many did not follow this due to the expanding population.

rising prices

imposed tax on documents and printed items

Where US troops surrounded Cornwallis & made him surrender

Virginia lawyer who wrote the final draft of the Declaration of Independence, distrusted strong government & favored strong state and local government

British general that captured Charleston, SC

President who was federalist,

1st president & began creating a working government

secretary of the treasury, proposed to establish a national bank

English philosopher, "people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property."

Halved the duty on foreign-made molasses, places duties on new imports, people accused of violating this act will be tried in a vice-admiralty court, not colonial court.

supporters of independence

opposed independence and remained loyal to the british king

A compromise that an African American counts as ⅗ of a person in the electoral college

supporters of new constitution (balance of powers)

prevents any 1 branch from dominating all others

10 amendments of the constitution

against the constitution (strong central government)

Battle where Grant forced confederated to surrender by constant siege

Military commander for North, captured 2 confederate forts

Commander of military division, raided Georgia, wanted to make the south "sick of war"

republican, slavery was immoral, believes that congress should abolish slavery

emancipated the slaves, issued by Lincoln

Lincoln's speech which stated that the country was a union, not just a collection of states

All resources and industries put their efforts into fighting for the war

abolished slavery

stressed that slavery was not just a political contest, but also a moral struggle. In protest to the fugitive slave act

Southern commander in the army

president, created the emancipation proclamation,

published Uncle Tom's cabin, hates slavery

the right to vote for or against slavery

Union forts in the south, an Island in Charleston harbor

John Brown tried to start a general slave uprising, 21 men black & white, didn't happen, Brown was executed

The fight in congress to make these states clave free or a slave state

bloody violence in the state began during the fighting to make kansas a slave state or a free state

first bloodshed on the battlefield, little creek, southern victory

Southern sympathizer, assassinated Lincoln

most decisive battle of the civil war, confederate Lee vs. Union Buford, 3 day battle, it broke Lee's "invincibility"

bloodiest single-day battle in history

prevents blacks from voting, wants to throw out reconstruction and aid planter class

Northerners who moved to the south after the war

wanted to improve their economic position and didn't want wealthy planters to have power

perfected incandescent light bulbs, established world first research laboratory

controlled almost entire steel industry, made his fortune from railroads

established standard oil company, forced smaller oil companies to sell their companies

added innoventions that made electricity safer and less expensive

Jewish immigrant, led cigar makers international union to join other craft unions

attempted to reform such an industrial union, won strike for high wages and went to jail for pullman strike

William H. Tweed, head of Tammany Hall

Successfully used a steam engine to drill oil, started oil business

organizer of women's labor movement, helped enforce child labor laws

leader of the Hunkpapa Sioux

New York's most powerful democratic political machine

injects air into molten iron to remove carbon and other impurities

profits maximized by controlling all the steps while producing

control all manufacturing of something, monopoly

massacre where the Cheyenne tribe raided trails off their reservation for supplies. Colonel John Chivington round up the people who did not want to fight and attacked them on the fort where Chivington said would be safe.

gathered up 350 dying Sioux, demanded to give up weapons, a shot was fired, soldiers opened fire with deadly cannon

broke up reservations and give land to each family, individuality. Remaining land will go to whites

racial segregation laws

Muckraking journalist who wrote The Jungle

Book written by Upton Sinclair about the meat packing industry

Independent presidential candidate, gave reformers most of his patronage jobs once elected

wanted civil service reform, president

president, attempted to lower tariff but congress refused

banning of alcoholic beverages

journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business

improve efficiency by breaking manufacturing tasks into simpler parts, aka the assembly line

a vote on the initiative

voters could remove public officers for elected positions by forcing them to participate in another election

Full equality among the races, did not support the progressive movement

the right to vote

A "watchdog" agency, investigate possible violations of regulatory statutes. Enforced periodic reports from companies and end unfair business practices

Dictated strict cleanliness requirements for meatpacking industries

Ohioan, elected into office, his election collapsed populism

president, wanted to clean up the slaughterhouse

president, expand Roosevelt's reform and lower tariffs

prohibited corporations from getting stocks of other countries in effort to avoid monopoly

300,00, came for gold rush, built transcontinental railway

immigration inspection station (physical and governmental) in New York

immigration station in San Fran Bay, harsh questioning and detention

stopped chinese for coming into the US except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials

A progressive party. Wants direct elections of senator, woman suffrage, 8 hour workdays, and federal law against child labor.

Japan limits immigration of unskilled workers for the US to repeal segregation order

Democrat and Nebraskan

Military leader, foreign

A route from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico, which is used by traders

Amendment that provides for the election of the US senators by the people rather than by the state legislatures

Planned management of natural resources, which involves protecting the environment.

A required enrollment in the armed services

Federalist chief justice who declared that part of Congress's Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional.

President elected in 1816, very invested in foreign affairs

President in 1828, embraced expanding economies, territories, and democracy.

Southerner who convinced congressmen from their regions to approve the Tariff of 1816.

Jefferson's theory of government where the people should control the government and that a simple government best suited for the needs of the people.

The ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional.

A vast grassland that extends through the central portion of North American

1844 president, a slaveholder and firmly favored the annexation of Texas. Went to war with Mexico in attempt to gain Texas, New Mexico, and California.

Jackson's ideal of political power that gives common people a chance to participate in government.

An African American who escaped slavery and became an eloquent and outspoken critic of slavery.

A New England artist who created the telegraph

Scott appealed to the Supreme Court for his freedom on the ground that living in a free state, which makes him a free. Ruled against Dred because property could not be free.

Radical white abolitionist who was also a young editor

Secessionist states that left the United States

A belief that the expansion of the US throughout the american continent was both justified and inevitable

An economic system in which private business operates in competition and and largely free of state control.

This battle fostered a strong sense of national pride. America declared War on the British after the British interfered with America's international trade

A machine for separating cotton from its seeds

Mexican General. Tried to crush Texas revolt. Lost battles to Winfield Scott and zachary taylor in the mexican war

People flocked to California due to the overwhelming amount for gold found

Bank that would issue paper money and handle taxes and other government funds.

Rights people have under natural law. They are given to any human on this earth, no matter race or religion

first battle of the revolutionary war. 1775. British troops drive Americans from Breed's hill to Bunker Hill. Americans had run out of gunpowder.

an organized association of workers formed to protect and further their rights

A member of a political party looking to represent the people

Theodore Roosevelt's term for prosecuting monopolies

European ships traveling to find new trade routes between the 1500's and 1700's

was an agreement between large and small states made a the constitutional convention of 1787 and defined the legislative structure and representation each state would receive.

Increased the income tax rates established by the Revenue Act.

A plan for the Union to surround the Confederates. Emphasized blocking the South's ports then would split the south in two by invading the Mississippi river.

The first written framework for government establish in what now is the US.

The war for the US independence. America is fighting from their freedom from Britain.

People allow other people to think or practice other religions and beliefs.

Article written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889. It described the responsibility of philanthropy to the upper middle class and self made rich.

important leader of the oglala lakota.

An infantry assault ordered by a confederate general robert E. Lee against george G. Meade's union

A battle in Fredericks, virginia between general Robert E. Lee's confederate army and the union army of Potomac commanded by major general ambrose burnside

One of the last battles of the American civil war. Confederate general Robert E. Lee's army surrendered to union army under lieutenant general Ulysses S Grant.

A radical abolitionist who believed in violence to overthrow the slavery system. He led an attack with his brothers on a pro-slavery residents. Attacked and occupied Harpers Ferry.

Italian explorer who was funded by Spain. Was credited for the discovery of America and treated Native Americans horribly.

An act which asserted Parliament's full right "to bind the colonies and people of America in all cases whatsoever"

A battle between the US Colonel Cluster and Native tribes. The Natives outnumbered Cluster and overwhelmed. Was known as "Clusters last stand"

Central Pacific and Union Pacific created a railway that stretched from east to west. Met in Promontory, Utah. Many immigrants built this and many died.

Gives congress the power to pass any laws that

The purchase by the US from France of the Louisiana territory in 1803. President Thomas Jefferson set this up fearing that The French wanted to establish an empire in North America

A battle had no bearing on the outcome of the war, but elevated national pride, which had suffered a number of setbacks during the War of 1812. Was the last armed engagement between the United States and Britain.

First U.S. armed conflict fought on foreign soil,

system that consisted of three parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture.

minor but influential political party in the pre-Civil War period of American history that opposed the extension of slavery into the western territories.

Wampanoag leader who waged King Philip's War with New England colonists who had encroached on Native American territory.

American Mechanical engineer who wanted to improve industrial efficiency. One of the first manager consultants.

American teacher and author and journalist. Leading muckracker of the progressive movement. Thought to have pioneered investigative journalism.

English explorer who helped found the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. Saved by pocahontas

prominent African in London. A freed slave who supported the British movement to end the slave trade.

30,000 German troops hired by the British to help fight during the American Revolution

American Soldier. One of the leaders of shays rebellion.

American politician from Illinois. Designer of the Kansas Nebraska act. He was a US representative and senator and democratic nominee for president in 1860 losing to Abraham Lincoln.

Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the aztec empire.

Antislavery leader, elected into congress as a free-soilers, beaten by Preston Brooks,

Mexican war hero, US senator from Mississippi. President of the confederate states of america. (Princess Leia- president of rebellion)

28th president of the US. Was a progressive and and governor of NJ

Served as governor of NY and was a secretary of state during the civil war. Won a seat in the New york state senate

Beat charles sumner with a cane. Democratic representative from south carolina.

American mountain man, fur trader and explorer

American ethnologist and photographer of the American West and of native american people

Political cartoonist

First American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States. Their goal was to find the most direct and practicable water communication across the country

American statesman who served as the sixth President of the United States. He was also a diplomat, Senator and member of the House of Representatives

American politician and soldier, best known for his role in bringing Texas into the United States as a constituent state.

an American lawyer and politician who served as Secretary of War under the Lincoln Administration during most of the American Civil War

an American statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States

Wrote a bold signature on the declaration of independence

Philosophiser

puritan spiritual advisor

Nickname given to a woman said to have fought in the American Battle of Monmouth. Most likely was mary ludwig hays. Stepped in for husband

American first lady and wife of james madison, the fourth president of the US.