Unit 8 Review

(470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher. Famous for the "Socratic method" of questioning as his teaching style. His idea of the "good life" included the concept of self-examination (the unexamined life is not worth living) and the idea that all virtue is knowledge. Accused of corrupting Athenian youth and being unfaithful to the gods and killed in 399. He willingly underwent this punishment, as he considered his trial fair and just, though he was innocent.

way of teaching developed by Socrates that used a question-and-answer format to force students to use their reason to see things for themselves

For Socrates, Virtue is knowledge (knowledge of the good); the two are equated. A person who knows what is right will by virtue of such knowledge do what is right

(430-347 BCE) Was a disciple of Socrates whose cornerstone of thought was his theory of Forms, in which there was another world of perfection. Famously outlined his ideal government in The Republic

Philosophical construct developed by the fifth century Greek philosopher Plato that held that all things that exist emanate from the primal unity of the unseen idea, at the very core of which is the Form of the Good.

Plato's story depicting the idea of Forms, the journey from false belief to true knowledge. Prisoners just see shadows and think these are true. We are like the prisioners because we only see shadows of the world.

The Greek word for "virtue". Excellence in all things, striving to be the best one can be.

(384-322 BCE) Believed, unlike his teacher Plato, that philosophers could rely on their senses to provide accurate information about the world. Wrote extensively on Ethics, Morality, Politics, Science, etc.

teachers of rhetoric, they didn't believe that there is one right answer, Sophists charged a fee to teach others how to speak well and win influence and power

the art of persuasive speaking and writing; the language used in the presentation of an argument

Plato's ideal ruler from his work "The Republic".

Aristotle's notion of happiness and human flourishing. "human flourishing and overflowing happiness". The promotion of this is primary reason people do all things.

One of Plato's parts of the human soul; philosophy and reason. It governs the balance of the other two parts of the soul

One of Plato's parts of the human soul; the basic human desires of love, emotion, greed, hunger, etc.

One of Plato's parts of the human soul; willlpower and discipline

the proper balance between excess (too much) and deficiency (too little)

According to Aristotle: Courage, temperance, justice, generosity etc.. These virtues are the products of habit. To be brave, do brave acts.

According to Aristotle: Wisdom, intelligence, and prudence. These virtues are the products of study and inquiry.

Happiness is an activity of the soul in accordance with perfect virtue

"One in which laws and rules are created and followed in the favor of the population"

"One in which laws and rules are broken in favor of the ruling individuals or parties."

A famous quote of Socrates. It inspired his Socratic Method. If knowledge is virtue and ignorance is vice, one must examine himself in order to live a worthy life.

the Form of Goodness to Plato; it informed and illuminated all other Forms

Reason and philosophy, the only way to be enlightened. It is a difficult path, but one worth taking.

Aristotle's idea that everything has a final purpose to it. That final purpose is Eudaimonia