U.S. History Terms (Finals)

The global transfer of living things; began with Columbus' first voyage

Virginia Company's settlement; named for their king

Religious group that felt the church had kept too much catholic ritual; wanted to "purify" the church my eliminating all traces of Catholicism

Crop grown primarily for sale rather than livestock feed

Slave uprising. 20 slaves gathered at the Stono River and killed planter families. This scared Southern Colonists, leading to tightening of existing harsh slave laws

Movement in which philosophers valued reason and the scientific method

Proclamation line along the Appalachians which colonists were not allowed to cross in order to avoid conflict with that Native Americans

Economic system in which a nation could increase its wealth and power in 2 ways: 1. By obtaining as much gold and silver as possible 2. Establishing a favorable balance of trade (sold more goods than bought)

Conflict in North America that was part of a worldwide struggle between Britain and France. Ended with the defeat of France and the transfer of French Canada to Britain

Colonies' fight for independence from Britain

Act imposing a tax on documents and printed items such as wills, newspapers, and playing cards. The stamp was placed on the item to prove that the tax had been paid. It was the first tax that affected the colonists directly

Indians dumped 18000 pounds of East India Company's tea into the Boston Harbor

Mob gathered in front of the Boston Customs House and taunted British soldiers standing guard. Shots were fired and 5 colonists were killed are morally wounded

One of the founders of the Sons of Liberty. Led the colonists to boycott British goods. I think we need more information on him so again, if anyone finds anything else important post it on the wall.

Paul Revere and a few others rode out to spread the word that 700 British troops were headed for Concord. When the British reached Lexington (5 miles before Concord) one of the colonists (minutemen) fired and the British soldiers began shooting. When the British reached Concord they found an empty arsenal and began their retreat back to Boston. The retreat became a slaughter between the colonists and the British.

Prussia and France

Declared independence from Britain

Offered a two-house congress to satisfy both small and big states

The official approval of the constitution, or an amendment, by the states

Age 88 has all of them. I'm not sure which ones we need to know so just read over all of them.

Clause that stretches the power of the government. The power to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the powers that the Constitution enumerates"

Government in which citizens rule through their elected representatives

The first ten amendments to the Constitution. Consist of a formal list of citizens' rights and freedoms

The provisions in the Constitution that prevent any branch of the government from dominating the other two branches

Secretary of state-Thomas Jefferson, treasury- Alexander Hamilton War-Henry Knox

Four measures, three of which raised residents' requirement for US citizenship from 5 yrs to 14 yrs, and allowed the president to deport or jail any alien he considered undesirable. The fourth set fines and jail terms for anyone trying to hinder the operation or who spoke out against the government.

States had the right to consider void any act of congress that they deemed unconstitutional.

Instead of choosing president directly, each state choose a group of electors who would cast ballots for presidential candidates.

Virginia lawyer who was chosen to prepare the final draft of the Declaration of Independence. Add more to this.

Court case that results in judicial review- the right for the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional.

A policy of US opposition to any European interference in the affairs of the western hemisphere announced by president Monroe.

Against Great Britain because they threatened American Shipping.

Beat Andrew Jackson, appointed Henry Clay as Secretary of State. Conflict between Jackson and Clay tore apart the Democratic-Republican party.

Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri as slave, the rest of the Louisiana Territory was split into two parts.

The right for the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional.

The forced march the Cherokee followed from Georgia to the Indian Territory

Women's rights convention wanted women's suffrage

Led a rebellion of him and 50 other slaves, they attacked 4 plantations and killed 60 whites; he was eventually captured and executed.

Emphasized that truth could be discovered intuitively by observing nature and relating it to emotions and spiritual experiences.

Escaped from bondage to become an outspoken critic of slavery. He began his own antislavery newspaper called the North Star.

California is admitted as a free state.

More effective fugitive slave law is put into effect

Popular sovereignty in Utah territories or New Mexico.

The right to vote for or against slavery

Not only permitted extension of slavery, but guaranteed it. Just because you are in a free state, you are not a free man. Taney argues that Scott had no grounds to go to court because he was not a citizen he was property, 5th amendment supports him.

Abolitionist who led a group of abolitionists into Harper's Ferry.

Seize federal arsenal and start a slave uprising. Revolutionary because it was the first time white and black men were willing to die for slavery.

White female author of Uncle Tom's Cabin. The book criticized slavery and the South took it as a criticism of their way of life.

Opposed extension of blacks into the Northern territory, because they feared competition for jobs would drive down wages.

Government would pardon all confederated who would swear allegiance to the Union. As soon as 10% of those who had voted took this oath, a confederate state could form a new state government and send representatives and senators to congress.

Plan tried to break the planter's power by excluding high ranking Confederates and wealthy Southern landowners from taking the oath. He believed that white men alone must manage the South.

One act provided for the federal supervision of elections in Southern states. The other act gave the president the power to use federal troops in areas where the clan was active. These acts were made to curtail.

Northerners who moved to the South after the war. They got the name from the misconception that they arrived with so few belongings that they carried everything in small traveling bags made of carpet.

Defined citizenship, prevented states from denying rights and privileges to any natural born citizen. (1868)

Women's suffrage (1921)

Set a minimum voting age of 18 for all federal, state and local elections. (1971)

Landowners divided their land and assigned each head of household a few acres along with season tools.

No one can be kept from voting because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Divided the former Confederate states into 5 military districts. The states were required to grant African American the vote and to ratify the 14 Amendment to reenter the Union.

Ended without much real progress

The rebellion in which Texas gained its Independence from Mexico.

War with the U.S. Need more information on this.

1844 presidential race, he was a slaveholder who firmly favored the annexation of Texas.

Treaty ending the U.S. war with Mexico in which Mexico ceded California and New Mexico to the United States.

Granted independence to Texas.

Texan rebels commander and chief. Elected president of the new republic of Texas.

The US went to war to help Cuba win its independence from Spain.

Economic reforms included increase in money supply, graduated tax income, and a federal loan program. Their changes attracted struggling farmers and laborers. Their programs became the platform of the Democratic Party.

Belief that the US would inevitably expand Westward to the Pacific ocean and into Mexican territory.

The policy of extending a nation's authority over other countries by economic, political, or military means.

Extension of the Monroe Doctrine, US claimed the right to protect its economic interests by means of military intervention in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.

Provided a shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and was built because the US supported Panama's independence from Columbia.

Opening people's eyes to harsh working conditions

Movement seeking to control the government to the people to restore economic opportunities and to correct injustices in American life.

Occurred in 1821

Period in which alcohol was banned.

Alice Paul, different tactics: 1. Painstaking organization 2. Close ties between local state and national workers. 3. Wide base of support 4.Cautious lobbing 5. Lady-like behavior.

Religious persecution, war activity, and oppressive government encouraged immigrants to move to America.

New jobs opportunities encouraged immigrants to move to America

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

France, Britain, and Russia

Militarism, Alliance system, Imperialism, Nationalism. (M.A.I.N)

Assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Two laws that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against US participation in WW1.

Plan for world peace. First 5 were issues he believed had to be addressed to prevent another war. The next 8 dealt with boundary changes. 14th called for the creation of an international organization to address diplomatic crisis.

Peace treaty at the end of WWI which established the new nations, borders, and war reparations.