the "paired case study method" requires id-ing two news events that are similar in all respects except one. in what respects must the two events differ
the amount of media coverage they recieve
according to H&C when the media gives an empathetic, detailed account of a victim who was killed by an unfriendly government, that is called
worthy victim
sally reed argues that school curricula shape children's values and worldviews. in Lies My Teacher Told Me, James Loewen agrees. Loewen thinks that one field of study (one school subject) has an especially important role in shaping students' worldviews. that subject is:
history
the media makes money by connecting advertisers with readers, especially with wealthy readers. that business model can influence news reporting. which hypothetical news stories might get filtered out of that model
(a) "Stock markets tumble" (b) "Women seen as filling more management positions" (c) "Luxury resorts catering to African American travelers" (d) "Food stamp programs to add new services" d for sure.
according to sally reed, schools should teach children values that go beyond those of their community
false
according to Loewen, high school history texts are especially reluctant to discuss recent history (events that parents and teachers experienced firsthand)
true?
7. Helen Keller's socialist leanings reflected her support for a certain kind of government program available in the Soviet Union but not in the US. What was that government program
universal access to healthcare
the number of articles on a story is a ____________ measure while the fullness and reiteration of details is a ___________ meaure
quantitative, qualitative
10. High school textbooks portray President Woodrow Wilson as a leader who championed peace and democracy. Yet Loewen identifies three policy areas, often neglected in the textbooks, where Wilson's decisions were quite at odds with this portrait
true 1) latin america 2) aggressive war with soviet union 3) racism
**Name one quantitative data measure and one qualitative measure for measuring press coverage of an event discussed by Herman & Chomsky in Manufacturing Consent**
**quantitative - number of articles qualitative - fullness or reiteration of details**
**According to Loewen, when Woodrow Wilson imposed racial segregation in the federal postal service, he was simply continuing practices that began with the Civil War**
**false**
**What is the thesis of Herman and Chomsky's book**
**"the media serve, and propagandize on behalf of, the powerful societal interests that control and finance them"**
Why, according to Loewen, is history simplified in primary education (K-12)
1. to imbue a sense of nationalism in the minds of youth 2. to imbue a sense of patriotism in the minds of youth
Name the five techniques of propaganda described in Herman & Chomsky's Propaganda Model
1) tell few lies 2) omit inconvenient facts 3) emphasize the bad 4) emotion 5) location
Loewen argues that Columbus
catalyzed the colonization of North America
Herman and Chomsky's five filters from Manufacturing Consent interact. One way to raise revenue is __________________ and another way to cut costs is ________________
1) advertising 2) sourcing
**Name one quantitative data measure for measuring press coverage of an event**
**number of articles**
Herman and Chomsky's "paired case study method" is based on the media coverage of two news stories that are 1. similar but 2. different
1. similar 2. different similar in event but different in media coverage???
**In chapters 1, 2, & 9 of Lies My Teacher Told Me, Loewen focuses on three historical figures to illustrate "heroification" - the process of turning people, with their "conflicts, pain, credibility, or human interest," into "pious, perfect" heroes**
**1. Helen Keller 2. Woodrow Wilson 3. Christopher Columbus**
Loewen's analysis of the history of Abraham Lincoln illustrates that ideas can stir men to action and lead to social change
true
In their work covering the news, many journalists write stories that tell advertisers and readers "what they want to hear." In contrast, college students writing papers for their classwork can produce honest stories, as there are no comparable forces in the university setting
false
What method does Loewen use to detect falsehoods in textbooks, i.e. how does he know that the texts contain distortions and significant silences
Historical Inquiry
What is the name of the radical ideology of the 1800s that claimed that black and white people were equal
abolitionism???
**What was the first North American colony to legalize slavery**
**Massachusetts**
Loewen presents a series of images from the war in Vietnam. Identify one image from the war in Iraq (mentioned in lecture) that is likely to similarly endure as a defining image of this period of history
the little girl that is on fire or the women and children that have been shot and are laying on the ground; president bush with the mission accomplished banner
Few history text books report that Helen Keller was an advocate of universal healthcare
true
define "worthy victim"
an enemy of our enemy: a person who is a victim of an enemy or hostile group/state to the US
In the movie The Nasty Girl, the girl tears a hole in the "matrix" of her home town. She is initially condemned as a troublemaker but later celebrated has a hero
Herman and Chomsky claim that news outlets like the New York Times bias the news in favor of allies and against rivals. Give an example from lecture of how photographs can be biased (e.g. how presidents of friendly and unfriendly countries are portrayed.)
good guys smile and suffer and bleed when killed; bad guys faces contort with hate, and they die anonymously
Name the three policy areas where Wilson's decisions were decidedly undemocratic and bellicose ("warlike"):
1. latin america 2. aggressive war with soviet union 3. racism
Helen Keller is an icon of American values because she believed that health problems can be best overcome through individual efforts
false
Name a government that historically practiced the distinction between "the Slave Race and the Master Race"
Germany's Nazi Government
Loewen presents a series of images from the war in Vietnam. Identify one image from the war in Iraq (mentioned in lecture) that is likely to similarly endure as a defining image of this period of history
the little girl that is on fire or the women and children that have been shot and are laying on the ground
Give an example of a quantitative measure of media coverage
number of articles
Give an example of a qualitative measure of media coverage
omissions
The "paired case study method" requires identifying two news events that are similar in all respects except one. In what respect must the two events differ
must differ in the interests of the elites: the amount of media coverage they recieve
Helen Keller's socialist leanings reflected her support for a certain kind of government program available in the Soviet Union but not in the US. What was that government program
universal health care
**Loewen says that there are three kinds of time: the present (which we know immediately,) the past (which we know from books,) and: _______________________, which we know from: ___________________________**
**recent past; written in books but we know it too**
A widely-shared image among US citizens of slavery is that of "Mammy," the happy slave in Gone with the Wind
true
According to a recent article in the NY Times, Korean history textbooks have been criticized as "white-washing" history and avoiding controversial events
false
The NY Times recently reported a speech by Russia's president in which he discussed two topics, political liberalization and missiles. Which topic was in the story's headline
missiles?
In his speech at Georgia Tech Libertarian candidate Bob Barr argued that John McCain was a "maverick"
true
Give an example from lecture of what Loewen calls the "recent past"
iraq war
According to Loewen, when school students learn about Helen Keller, they are being taught what core American value
heroification
Chomsky's 5 filters that influence the media
1. big business 2. dependence on advertisers 3. sourcing 4. flak 5. anti-communism
Although it is expensive to research, write, and produce news stories, many organizations (e.g. Georgia Power, Georgia Tech, the Teamsters Unions) are willing to perform those services for free to news outlets
true
Give an example of a news story that would be likely to generate "flak", and explain why that is so
recent controversial topics (Vietnam, gay rights, clinton scandal)
What characteristic of two otherwise similar events ("cases") make them suitable for use in Herman and Chomsky's "paired cases method"
must differ in the interests of the elites, must differ in amount of media coverage
What characteristic of two events ("cases") make them suitable for use in Herman and Chomsky's "paired cases method"
they are similar - "facts"
Based on Herman and Chomsky's "propaganda model", when Iranian forces imprison British soldiers, the prisoners are likely to be portrayed in the press as (worthy/unworthy) victims
worthy
Based on Herman and Chomsky's "propaganda model", when US forces imprison Iranian soldiers, the prisoners are likely to be portrayed in the press as (worthy/unworthy) victims
unworthy
According to Herman and Chomsky, propaganda is easy to detect because it contains many false statements
false
Media's dependence on advertising means that news coverage will tend to emphasize topics relevant to the wealthy people that advertisers need to reach
true
Herman and Chomsky's model can be compared to a market model, in which the cost and accessibility of information influence news content
true
According to Herman and Chomsky, what factor would determine whether the US media treat the victim as "worthy" or "unworthy"
enemy of our friend or enemy of our enemy??
This history of Columbus's "discovery" of American teaches us about historical causation, especially how "system variables" are sometimes catalyzed by an individual action. As presented in lecture, what current US foreign policy can also be understood in terms of "system variables"
Iraq war?
Many high school history classes basically end at World War II, only skimming over more recent topics like the Vietnam War, gay rights, abortion, and the impeachment of Bill Clinton. According to Loewen, why is that
they are controversial and teachers can lose their job if they discuss controversial topics
As discussed in lecture, true patriots do not complain about society or try to disrupt society
false
**Herman and Chomsky claim that the media sometimes omit information and other times enlarge information. What are the two metaphors (or images) that the authors use to describe the media**
**filter and lens**
The history of Abraham Lincoln illustrates that ideas can stir men to action and lead to social change
true
As discussed in lecture: In their college assignments many students write papers that "tell the professor what he wants to hear." Fortunately, there are no comparable forces acting on journalists when they write the news.
false
According to Herman and Chomsky, when a friendly country commits atrocities, the victims are likely to be treated as [worthy/unworthy]
unworthy
Name 2 quantitative measures of media attention to an issue
1. number of articles/editorials 2. number of column inches
Name 2 qualitative measures of media emphasis on an issue
1. fullness of details 2. indignation, shock, demands for justice 3. search for responsibility at the top
Abraham Lincoln and Woodrow Wilson are considered two of our greatest presidents. This is due to their role in achieving racial equality in our society
false
**Name one war from the time period that Loewen calls our "recent past."**
**iraq war**
What element of the US Constitution embodies slavery (in mathematical form)
three/fifths compromise
A recent legal analysis in the New York Times claimed that a close US ally committed war crimes in Gaza. Based on Herman and Chomsky's work, we would expect this issue to receive on-going and sustained attention in the US media
false
In the movie version of Manufacturing Consent, Noam Chomsky claims that the sound-bite format of regular television prevents speakers from expressing anything but conventional ideas
true??
Herman and Chomsky describe two types of victims portrayed in news media. Name these two types of victims and describe the difference between them
unworthy - a person who is a victim of a friendly or ally state to the US worthy - a person who is a victim of an enemy or hostile group/state to the US ----- the victim would be worthy if the government who tortured and killed him was an enemy of the US. He would be an unworthy victim if the government was an ally of the US
Helen Keller's socialist leanings reflected her support for a certain kind of government program available in the Soviet Union but not in the US. What was that government program
universal health care
Many high school history classes basically end at World War II, only skimming over more recent topics like the Vietnam War, gay rights, abortion, and the impeachment of Bill Clinton. According to Loewen, why is that
they are controversial, discussion can get teachers fired
Herman and Chomsky claim that the media sometimes omit information and other times enlarge information. What are the two terms that describe this behavior?
filter and lense
As discussed in lecture: In their college assignments many students write papers that "tell the professor what he wants to hear." Fortunately, there are no comparable forces acting on journalists when they write the news
false
**According to Loewen, high school history texts are especially reluctant to discuss recent history, i.e. events that parents and teachers experienced firsthand**
**true**
We viewed a website (www.zombietime.com) that offered plausible evidence of doctored press photos misrepresenting Israel's invasion of southern Lebanon. Name one technique used to doctor the photos
In the movie The Nasty Girl, the protagonist, Sonya, undertakes her historical research with an initial desire to unmask the hypocritical leaders of her home town and the lies that constitute the townspeople's reality
Name one "social technology of racism", i.e. a technique for reinforcing the subordinate status of a group in society, and explain why it works
attacking the most accomplished people and denying them people legal protection
Name two policies of Woodrow Wilson described by Loewen that made him controversial
latin america, aggressive war with soviet union, racism
Why did Helen Keller support socialized health care
praises russian revolution and was a socialist, said there was unequal distribution of resources, wanted public health
It was said in lecture that "Students serve, and propagandize on behalf of, the professors who grade their papers." What is meant by this? (Do you consider this to be a radical or patently false claim?)
true Tell the professor what he wants to hear use sources provided by prof. do what and how the professor wants you to
As discussed in class, close study of the media shows that news reporting contains a shocking number of outright falsehoods
false
Which kind of industries are more vulnerable to governmental control
a) concentrated
The media's dependence on advertising might lead to which story being given low priority for publication
a) The recent recall of the Lexux SUV b) Budget cutbacks at inner-city public health clinics c) The recent surge of the Dow Jones index above 11,000 d) None is particularly likely to given low priority I think B, because they focus on what the wealthy would care about?? -- i agree
As reported by the NY Times, which state recently re-wrote its textbooks
Define "unworthy victim", give an example, and explain why the victim is "unworthy"
unworthy - el salvadors archbishop, an enemy of our friend, hence an enemy
Imagine a country that is closely allied to the US and that regularly imprisons or kills those of its citizens who call for greater respect for the law or for safer working conditions. Herman and Chomsky would predict intense coverage of these victims in the US press. (T/F)
false -- these are UNWORTHY VICTIMS
According to Loewen, what is the true significance of Christopher Columbus? (one sentence, max!)
catalyst for exploration
**As the term is used by Loewen, what is the "recent past"?**
**recent history parents/teachers might have experienced firsthand**