Modern World History: The French Revolution and Napoleon

The social and political system of old France

One of three classes France was divided into

Estate that contained clergy and paid almost no taxes

Estate that contained rich nobles who paid no taxes

Estate that contained middle class and peasants; 97% of the population

Event that inspired the 3rd Estate to change the government

King who doubled France's huge debt; weak leader

Austrian queen; wife of Louis XVI; increased France's debt; very unpopular

Meeting in Versailles to approve taxes; first time it met in 175 years; each estate gets one vote

Group that would pass laws and reforms; wanted by 3rd estate

Rebellion by the 3rd estate; they would stay put until a new constitution was made

Held prisoners of war and gunpowder; stormed by the French to get guns and ammunition

Time period when peasants feared that the nobles were hiring outlaws to kill them

Document to restore France; "men are born free and equal in rights"; freedoms to liberty, property, security, resistance to oppression; not for women

Executed for her writings for women

Type of government in France where King Louis had much less power and authority

New group in France that could create laws and approve wars

Group that wanted big changes

Group that wanted some change

Group that wanted limited monarchy

Nobles who had fled; wanted to bring back old regime

Lower class workers who wanted change

Two countries that urged France to restore Louis as absolute monarch

Radical group that took over and began executions

Jacobin who called for the death of all supporters of the king

Beheading machine used to behead people more efficiently

Jacobin who took power; wanted to erase all trace of old France; took out churches and Sundays; leader of committee of public safety; governed during the Reign of Terror

Time period when many people were executed using the guillotine

The executive body and legislative group in a new constitution after the death of Robespierre; middle class power

Officer in army who defended the National Convention from royalist rebels; won tons of victories; took power as first consul; made peace agreements with other countries

Ruler of France after the death of Robespierre; still loyal to the Revolution while restoring order; got rid of government corruption; set up schools; efficient taxes and banking; restored the Catholic Church

Dictator

"blow to the state"

Vote of the people; approved Napoleon's constitution

Schools set up by Napoleon to train officials

Agreement; signed by Pope Pius VII; restored the Catholic Church but the church could not interfere in government affairs

Signed the Concordat with Napoleon

System of laws; promoted order and authority over rights; no freedom of speech/press; restored slaves; made by Napoleon

American colony lost by Napoleon because of a slave rebellion

Countries that were forced to sign a peace treaty with Napoleon

Napoleon's only major loss; naval battle against Britain; Horatio Nelson destroyed French fleet

British hero who destroyed the French fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar

The blockade of all trade/communication between Britain and Europe; thought of by Napoleon; to make Europe more self-sufficient; failed

Spanish vs French; Spanish were afraid Napoleon would attack the Church; peasant fighters ambushed army and won; occurred because Napoleon wanted to enforce the Continental System

A peasant fighter who ambushed the French army and won in the Peninsular War

Burning fields, destroying livestock, leaving no supplies for the enemy; tactic that Russia used against Napoleon

Tiny island off the Italian coast to which Napoleon was first banished

King of France after Napoleon's downfall and banishment; unpopular

French vs British; Napoleon fought this battle after just escaping banishment on Elba

The name for the time when Napoleon escaped Elba and regained control of France

Remote island to which Napoleon was banished for the second time

Meeting to make policies to stabilize Europe; the 5 great powers: Russia, Britain, Prussia, Austria, France; strengthened countries around France, kept balance of power, restored rulers; first time a whole continent got together to solve problems

The five 'great powers' that met at the Congress of Vienna

Austrian prince who was the most influential person at the Congress of Vienna; wanted to stop French aggression, restore a balance of power, and restore royal families

The principle that the rulers who Napoleon had driven form power could be restored

Group of Prussia, Russia, and Austria that used Christianity to combat revolution

Agreement that nations would help each other if there was a revolution

Land sold by France to America for $15 million; helped finance European wars and punish the British